Context: Insecticides are used to control pests. Cypermethrin and fenvalerate are widely used pirethroid insecticides in the world. Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae) is used as a traditional medicinal plant against viral infections and disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract due to its high vitamin C level. Objective: The genotoxic effects of cypermethrin and fenvalerate were examined with the micronucleus (MN) test. Then, we determined the ability of the water (RC wtr ) and ethanol (RC eta ) extracts of rosehip (R. canina) to overcome the possible genotoxic effects of the insecticides. Materials and methods: Preliminary studies determined that the application concentrations were 20, 30, 40, and 50 ppm for cypermethrin, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm for fenvalerate, and 100 ppm for rosehip extracts. DMSO (dimethyl sulphoxide) (1%) and 1 mM EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) were used as negative and positive control groups, respectively. The application groups belonging to insecticides and plant extracts were added to culture tubes including chromosome B medium and peripheral blood for MN test. Results: The MN frequencies were found 0.725 in the negative control group, 2.700 in the positive control groups, 1.275 in the highest application group of cypermethrin, and 1.600 in the highest application group of fenvalerate. The MN frequencies in cypermethrin + RC wtr , cypermethrin + RC eta , fenvalerate + RC wtr , and fenvalerate + RC eta application groups were, respectively, determined as 1.000, 1.075, 1.225, and 1.275. Conclusion: According to the results, cypermethrin and fenvalerate have genotoxic effects, the water and ethanol extracts of rosehip reduced the genotoxicity of the both insecticides.

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Abstract. In this study, the possible genotoxic effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) which are one of alkylating agent and genoprotective effects of Rosa canina L. fruit water extract (RCwtr) was studied with Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART). Five different application groups (distilled water, 1 mM EMS, 1% RCwtr, 3% RCwtr and 5% RCwtr) were formed with preliminary studies. 3-day-old transheterozygous larvae of mwh/flr 3 genotype of Drosophila melanogaster were fed chronically on the Drosophila instant medium (DIM) including the application groups. The wing slides of normal wing (mwh/flr 3 ) phenotype individuals were prepared and examined under light microscope (400X).As a result of experiments, the total clone frequencies of distilled water control group, 1 mM EMS, 1% RCwtr, 3% RCwtr and 5% RCwtr application groups were determined as 0. 3 ) bireylerin kanat preparatları hazırlanmış ve ışık mikroskobunda incelenmiştir (400X).Deneylerin sonucunda saf su kontrol grubu, 1 mM EMS, %1 RCsu, %3 RCsu ve %5 RCsu uygulama gruplarının toplam klon frekansları sırasıyla 0.15, 3.55, 2.58, 2.78 ve 2.20 olarak belirlenmiştir. Saf su kontrol grubu ve 1 mM EMS uygulama grupları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemlidir (P<0.05). RCsu uygulama gruplarından elde edilen sonuçlara göre ise, 1 mM EMS uygulama grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında her grubun toplam klon frekansı azalmıştır. 1mM EMS ve RCsu uygulama grupları arasındaki farkların istatistiksel olarak oldukça önemli olduğu bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Bulgular, Rosa canina L. bileşenlerinin doğal bir genomik koruyucu ürün olarak büyük bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Özet. Bu çalışmada, profenofos insektisitinin genotoksik etkileri, Drosophila melanogaster'de somatik mutasyon ve rekombinasyon testi (SMART) ve insan periferal lenfosit hücrelerinde mikronükleus (MN) testi ile araştırılmıştır. Bu maddenin olası genotoksik etkilerinin giderilebilmesi için de kuşburnu (Rosa canina) bitkisine ait su ve etanol ekstreleri kullanılmıştır.SMART için D.melanogaster'in kanat preparatları incelendiği zaman, profenofosun artan konsantrasyonuna (0,025, 0,05, 0,075 ve 0,1ppm) bağlı olarak normal kanat fenotipinde mutasyon frekansının arttığı özellikle en yüksek uygulama grubunda (0,1 ppm) bu artışın pozitif etkili (+) olduğu gözlenmiştir (P<0,05). Serrat kanat fenotipinde ise mutasyon frekansındaki artış tüm uygulama gruplarında önemsiz etkili (i) bulunmuştur (P>0,05). Kuşburnu bitkisinin su (RCsu) ve etanol (RCeta) ekstreleri, profenofosun en yüksek konsantrasyonu (0,1 ppm) ile birlikte uygulandığı zaman (profenofos+ RCsu/RCeta) mutasyon frekansındaki artışın azaldığı ve bunun da istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu gözlenmiştir (P<0,05). The Usage of Rosa canina L. Extracts As a Natural Anti-Genotoxic Agents Against the Genotoxicity of Profenofos on Somatic Cells by Different Test SystemsAbstract. In this study, the genotoxic effects of profenofos insecticide were investigated with the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster and the micronucleus test (MN) in human peripheral lymphocytes. The water and ethanol extracts of rosehip plants (Rosa canina) were used to remove possible genotoxic effects of this substance.When the wing preparates of D.melanogaster were examined for the SMART, it was observed that mutation frequency in normal wing phenotype increased depending on doses of profenofos (0,025, 0,05, 0,075 ve 0,1ppm) and this increase was positive effect (+) in the highest application group (0,1 ppm), especially. The increase in mutation frequency of the serrate wings phenotype was found insignificant (i) in the all application groups (P>0,05). When the water (RCwtr) and ethanol (RCeth) extracts of the rosehip plants were applied together with the highest application concentration of profenofos (profenofos+ RCwtr/RCeth), it was observed that the increase in the mutation frequency decreased and this decrease was statistically significant (P<0,05).In this study, the mutation frequency increased and nuclear division index (NBI) decreased in the human lymphocyte cells with in vitro profenofos application in the different concentration were showed (P<0,05). But as the MN frequencies decreased, NBI values approached to control group with profenofos+RCwtr and RCeth applications (P<0,05).