Background: Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease (KFD), also known as Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis, is a rare cause of prolonged cervical lymphadenopathy in both the pediatric and adult populations. It was first reported in Japan in 1972, and since, this disease has been described worldwide, although most cases have been reported in Asia. The etiology of KFD is not fully understood, although there are 2 theories that are described in detail in this review. Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease typically follows a benign course, with resolution of the lymphadenopathy within 6 months. It is important to recognize KFD as a cause of persistent lymphadenopathy, as it shares many characteristics with and must be differentiated from other causes of lymphadenopathy, including lymphoma, inflammatory disorders, autoimmune conditions, and infectious causes of lymphadenopathy. Case presentation: Here is presented a case of an 11-year-old male who was born in Vietnam, but subsequently adopted and raised in the United States, who presented to a private practice community-based Otolaryngology group. His chief complaint was a persistent neck mass of approximately 3 months duration. He underwent excisional biopsy for suspected lymphoma, but final pathology rendered a diagnosis of KFD. Conclusion: The purpose of this article is not only to review the literature but also to contribute awareness of this entity in the differential diagnosis of persistent lymphadenopathy, especially for the general Otolaryngologist in a community-based setting. In addition, this review would be beneficial for other practitioners as well, specifically Pediatricians, Infectious Disease Physicians, Rheumatologists, Pathologists, and Medical Oncologists.

Background: Balloon sinuplasty (BSP) is a common treatment modality used in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), although it’s gained popularity, minimal self-reported data on its utilization and complications have been reported. The goal of this study was to describe current practices and complications experienced during frontal sinus BSP. Methods: An anonymous 20-question online survey was distributed to members of the American Osteopathic Colleges of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery from August 1, 2022, to August 30, 2022. Questions were listed as multiple choices or percentage sliding bars, and data were collected using a commercial online survey service site. Results were reported as frequencies, means, and percentages. Results: Forty-two respondents participated in the survey, with the majority practicing in the following hospital settings: community (80.95%), hybrid (11.90%), and academic (7.14%). The southeast had the largest proportion of respondents (30.95%), versus the midwest (28.57%), southwest (23.81%), northeast (11.90%), and northwest (4.76%). On average, BSP was performed most commonly in the hospital setting versus in-office and in surgical centers. Respondents who used BSP primarily, reported a yearly average of 35.72 cases, a median of 12 cases, and a range of 0-361 cases. Respondents who used BSP with functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), reported a yearly average of 48.62 cases, a median of 31 cases, and a range of 0-189 cases. Overall, 15.3% of otolaryngologists reported using intraoperative (11.72%) or postoperative (3.62%) nasal packing. Early complications included postoperative headaches (9.86%), acute bacterial sinusitis (ABRS) (3.52%), and tooth/facial numbness (0.86%). Reported long-term complications included postoperative synechiae (5.10%), orbital complications (0.14%), and skull base complications (0.10%). A previously unreported complication was identified through this study, accidental sphenopalatine fossa dilation. Conclusions: This study contributes to the growing body of literature on frontal sinus BSP by characterizing utilization and complications from a large otolaryngologic academy.