Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health problem associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity, premature mortality, and decreased quality of life. In Portugal, the PREVADIAB study showed a prevalence of CKD stages 3-5 of 6.1%. To overcome the limitations of the PREVADIAB study, the RENA study aimed to provide an estimate of the prevalence of CKD at a national level and to characterize CKD patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including users of Primary Health Care Units aged 18 or more. After obtaining written informed consent, sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded through a structured questionnaire, anthropometric measurements were taken, and blood and urine samples were collected. All participants initially meeting the criteria for CKD were contacted at least 3 months after the initial assessment for confirmation of the analytical results. Results: A total of 3,135 individuals were included, 65.4% were female, and the mean age was 56.7 ± 15.9 years. The prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes was 38, 32, and 16%, respectively, and 31% were obese. After data adjustment by gender, age group, and geographical region, the global prevalence of CKD was 20.9% (95% CI: 6.5-35.3%), with no differences between genders and a significant increase with the advance of the age groups. Conclusion: Our study showed a CKD prevalence above the worldwide and Europe average. Despite the study limitations, it has become clear that it is urgent to identify CKD patients earlier and to develop awareness and educational programs to prevent CKD and its associated diseases.

In addition to macro and microvascular complications that are associated with the disease, hyperglycaemia is also a risk factor for several oral complications. The aim of this study is to establish a relationship between dental caries in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with multiple insulin injections and that of individuals without diabetes. It is also an aim to characterize the oral hygiene habits of this population. Material and Methods:An observational clinical study of analytical and cross-sectional nature was conducted. Thirty patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 30 individuals without diabetes were observed and questioned about information regarding their medical history. Oral examination was conducted according to the standards of the World Health Organization and ICDAS was used for caries detection. Statistical analysis was performed and the significance level was set at 5%. Results: Patients with diabetes mellitus showed similar caries levels to that of individuals without diabetes. Patients with diabetes mellitus had a higher dental plaque index. Only 10% of the patients having episodes of nocturnal hypoglycaemia brush their teeth after glucose intake. Discussion: Although there's some controversy in the literature regarding the prevalence of caries in patients with diabetes mellitus, the results are in agreement with a great number of studies. However, patients with diabetes mellitus have a higher plaque index which can be associated with a higher risk for developing certain oral pathologies. Conclusion:No statistically significant association was found between type 1 diabetes mellitus and dental caries.

461 RESUMOIntrodução: A diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e a saúde oral relacionam-se de forma estrita e recíproca, reconhecendo-se nos pacientes diabéticos uma maior suscetibilidade a uma grande variedade de patologias orais. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em investigar a relação entre a prevalência da cárie dentária em indivíduos diabéticos tipo 1 tratados com bomba infusora de insulina e a de indivíduos não diabéticos. Material e Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo clínico observacional, analítico e transversal. Incluíram-se no grupo de estudo 30 indivíduos adultos com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 tratados com bomba infusora de insulina (selecionados do Centro Hospitalar da Universidade de Coimbra) e no grupo de controlo 30 doentes não diabéticos (selecionados por entre os acompanhantes dos primeiros). Os elementos de ambos os grupos foram observados entre janeiro e maio de 2015, na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, por um médico dentista. A avaliação clínica foi acompanhada do preenchimento de um formulário clínico adaptado aos objetivos da investigação. Para análise estatística assumiu-se um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: O grupo de estudo apresentou valores semelhantes de índice de cárie dentária e de placa bacteriana aos registados no grupo de controlo. Não se registaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos no que diz respeito a hábitos de higiene oral e à frequência de visitas ao médico dentista. Discussão: Embora a dieta dos doentes diabéticos seja menos abundante em hidratos de carbono, prevendo uma menor exposição a alimentos cariogénicos, o elevado número de refeições ingeridas de forma fracionada pode aumentar o risco de cárie, uma vez que o valor de pH crítico para desmineralização é atingido mais vezes ao longo do dia. No entanto, a existência de uma patologia crónica pode determinar um elevado nível de cuidados preventivos gerais, inclusivamente resultando numa melhoria global do seu nível de saúde oral, o que poderá justificar os resultados obtidos. Conclusão: A presença de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 em doentes tratados com bomba de insulina não está associada a um aumento da prevalência de lesões de cárie dentária. Palavras-chave:

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