Extracellular nucleotides are ubiquitous signaling molecules. ATP signals through two receptor types: the ionotropic P2X receptors, and the metabotropic P2Y receptors. ATP acts as a chemorepellent in Tetrahymena thermophila, where it causes a distinct avoidance response. The intracellular mechanisms by which ATP causes avoidance in this organism, however, are unknown. In this study, we use in vivo pharmacological assays along with enzyme immuno-assays to obtain information about the ATP chemorepellent pathway and its associated second messenger systems. Our data show strong similarities between the presumed ATP receptor of T. thermophila and members of the P2Y family of receptors. The ATP response of T. thermophila appears to be coupled to phospholipase C, a defining characteristic of the P2Y receptor family. In addition, the ATP chemoresponse appears to be linked to a G(i/o) protein, nitric oxide synthase, and adenylyl cyclase, all of which are characteristic of some P2Y receptors. This is an important first step in describing the pathways involved in ATP chemoresponse of this organism.

Gaines, Carla D. M.Ed., Education Department, Cedarville University, 2013. The Influences of an Honors Program on Students at a Faith-based University.American colleges and universities, including faith-based institutions, continue to actively recruit gifted college students through educational opportunities such as honors programs. Other research also indicates that the college campus context, challenging academic experiences, and diverse social interactions can have varying effects on students' psychosocial development. Understanding the influences of these multiple factors on honors students can potentially provide insights into the effectiveness of these programs and their objectives. Using a qualitative research design, this study investigated the experiences and perceptions of honors students at a faith-based university. The participants indicated that through the honors program they were encouraged to pursue genuine life integration, excellence as a mindset, and self-authorship in their respective identities and worldviews. These objectives were encouraged through purposeful exposure to diverse content and individuals, a secure learning community, and faculty examples. Within each of these areas, the students also highlighted the effects on their spiritual development resulting from the integrated approach to spiritual beliefs and academics and daily living.