Objective. The main goal of the present study was to investigate the xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in metabolic syndrome in subjects submitted to a single exercise session. We also investigated parameters of oxidative and inflammatory status. Materials/Methods. A case-control study (9 healthy and 8 MS volunteers) was performed to measure XO, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase activities, lipid peroxidation, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) content, glucose levels, and lipid profile. Body mass indices, abdominal circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and TG levels were also determined. The exercise session consisted of 3 minutes of stretching, 3 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes at a constant dynamic workload at a moderate intensity, and 3 minutes at a low speed. The blood samples were collected before and 15 minutes after the exercise session. Results. Serum XO activity was higher in MS group compared to control group. SOD activity was lower in MS subjects. XO activity was correlated with SOD, abdominal circumference, body mass indices, and hsCRP. The single exercise session reduced the SOD activity in the control group. Conclusions. Our data support the association between oxidative stress and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and suggest XO is present in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is a complex disorder represented by a set of cardiovascular risk factors. A healthy lifestyle is strongly related to improve Quality of Life and interfere positively in the control of risk factors presented in this condition. ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a program of lifestyle modification on the Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Profile in subjects diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. MethodsA sub-analysis study of a randomized clinical trial controlled blind that lasted three months. Participants were randomized into four groups: dietary intervention + placebo (DIP), dietary intervention + supplementation of omega 3 (fish oil 3 g/day) (DIS3), dietary intervention + placebo + physical activity (DIPE) and dietary intervention + physical activity + supplementation of omega 3 (DIS3PE). The general cardiovascular risk profile of each individual was calculated before and after the intervention. ResultsThe study included 70 subjects. Evaluating the score between the pre and post intervention yielded a significant value (p < 0.001). We obtained a reduction for intermediate risk in 25.7% of subjects. After intervention, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.01) on cardiovascular age, this being more significant in groups DIP (5.2%) and DIPE (5.3%). ConclusionProposed interventions produced beneficial effects for reducing cardiovascular risk score. This study emphasizes the importance of lifestyle modification in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Background:Actually the lifestyle exposes the population to several risk factors related to alimentary habits and less physical activity that contributes to chronic diseases appearance worldwide. Aim:To analyze the association between salivary cortisol and the components of metabolic syndrome. Methods:This is a cross-sectional study. As part of it, 28 individuals aged 30-59 years presenting three or more of the following findings: CA: ≥88 cm for women and ≥102 cm for men; SBP>130 mmHg and DBP>85 mmHg; GL>100 mg/dl; TG>150 mg/dl; HDL<40 mg/dl for men and <50 mg/dl for women. Was performed analysis of salivary cortisol (by radioimmunoassay) from 25 salivary samples collected throughout the day, for evaluating changes in the circadian rhythm of this hormone (8AM, noon and 8PM). Results:28 evaluated individuals had a mean age of 51.9±7.5 years, mostly women (64.3%) and a mean of BMI 33.6±3.2 kg/m². The cortisol level from the 8AM averaged 18.7±4.8 ng/dlL. Individuals with FPG>110mg/dl, have significantly lower average levels of cortisol than ones with FPG <110 (12.8±5,2 vs. 17.3±4.2). Significant correlations were HOMA vs. WC (r=0,465; p˂0,005) and TG (r=0,473; p˂0,005), WC vs. FG (r=0,446; p˂0,005) and BMI (r=0,730; p˂0.0001); TG vs. HDL (r=0,441 p˂0,005) and FG (r=0,440; p˂0,005). Conclusion:Morning salivary cortisol in subjects with chronically elevated blood glucose can represent a downregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis. This is an important finding not yet well investigated.

Avaliar o efeito de diferentes intervenções para modificação do estilo de vida sobre o Índice de Castelli 1 em indivíduos com síndrome metabólica. Tratou-se de uma subanálise de um ensaio clínico randomizado. Foram incluídos no estudo indivíduos com diagnóstico de síndrome metabólica e idade entre 30 e 59 anos, que foram posteriormente randomizados em três diferentes grupos de intervenção. Foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas e bioquímicas no início do estudo e ao final dos três meses de intervenção. Participaram do estudo 59 indivíduos. Os modelos de intervenção realizados nos grupos intervenção individual e intervenção em grupo foram eficazes na redução significativa do índice de Castelli 1, com variância absoluta de -0,70 e -0,23, respectivamente. O modelo de intervenção padrão não demonstrou redução favorável. As intervenções que contemplaram acompanhamento multiprofissional produziram efeito benéfico na redução do índice de Castelli 1 em pacientes com síndrome metabólica.

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