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Oral PBL is an aggressive neoplasm with low survival rates, which is influenced by the presence of EBV, presence of B-symptoms, and with the use of chemotherapy only.

The role of digital pathology in remote reporting has seen an increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, recommendations had been made regarding the urgent need of reorganizing head and neck cancer diagnostic services to provide a safe work environment for the staff. A total of 162 glass slides from 109 patients over a period of 5 weeks were included in this validation and were assessed by all pathologists in both analyses (digital and conventional) to allow intraobserver comparison. The intraobserver agreement between the digital method (DM) and conventional method (CM) was considered almost perfect ( κ ranged from 0.85 to 0.98, with 95% CI, ranging from 0.81 to 1). The most significant and frequent disagreements within trainees encompassed epithelial dysplasia grading and differentiation among severe dysplasia (carcinoma in situ) and oral squamous cell carcinoma. The most frequent pitfall from DM was lag in screen mirroring. The lack of details of inflammatory cells and the need for a higher magnification to assess dysplasia were pointed in one case each. The COVID-19 crisis has accelerated and consolidated the use of online meeting tools, which would be a valuable resource even in the post-pandemic scenario. Adaptation in laboratory workflow, the advent of digital pathology and remote reporting can mitigate the impact of similar future disruptions to the oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratory workflow avoiding delays in diagnosis and report, to facilitate timely management of head and neck cancer patients. Graphical abstract

Background Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, NOS (DLBCL NOS) is the commonest extranodal non‐Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed in the oral and maxillofacial region. However, few studies are currently available and its prognostic determinants remain undefined. Purpose To analyse the available data on oral DLBCL NOS and to describe its clinicopathological features, identifying potential prognostic factors. Methods An electronic systematic search was performed using multiple databases with a specific search strategy in April 2018. All reports describing DLBCL NOS involving the oral cavity and jaw bones with sufficient clinicopathological information were assessed. Results Sixty‐three publications were included in the study, comprising 122 cases. Oral DLBCL NOS was found predominantly in elderly males (61.5%), and most often presented as an asymptomatic swelling of the gingiva. Patients commonly were HIV‐negative (36.1%), with few reports describing EBV‐positive cases (four cases/3.3%). Only eight cases presented B symptoms and most cases were classified as stage I or II (48.4%). CHOP therapy was the main treatment option (24.5%) and the overall 5‐year survival rate achieved 83%. Males and advanced Ann Arbor stage patients presented significantly lower survival rates in the univariate analysis, but no significance was found in the multivariate model. Conclusion Oral DLBCL NOS is an aggressive malignancy, but with a high survival rate.

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