Cet article présente l’orientaliste suédois Björnståhl et les circonstances du Grand Tour qui le mena en France, notamment à Paris, où il séjourna entre 1767 et 1770. Douze de ses quatre-vingt-trois lettres publiées dans Resa (1780-1784) proviennent de France. Formé dans la linguistique comparée, Björnståhl exporte la méthode comparative et l’applique aux phénomènes culturels. Cet article rend compte des comparaisons où l’un des termes comparés est un aspect de la réalité parisienne ou française. À travers les comparaisons, Björnståhl ordonne ses impressions de voyage mais exprime aussi ses vues critiques et ses jugements de valeur. Elles offrent donc une image vive à la fois du voyageur et de la France du XVIII e siècle qu’il observe.
This article deals with a comparison between Matilde Serao’s short story “Checchina’s Virtue” (1884) and the homonymous unpublished theatrical script written by Massimo Franciosa (1995), of which a summary is provided. The comparison between the source text and the adaptation draws on the debate about the narrativity of drama in which many scholars have engaged in the last decades: Richardson (1987), Chatman (1990), Jahn (2001), Fludernik (2008) and Nünning & Sommer (2008). The analysis focuses on two forms of diegetic narrativity that appear in the short story, i. e. free indirect discourse and the iterative mode, in order to see how the theatrical script deals with them. The analysis shows that the script preserves the narrative contents of the source text and highlights how diegetic and mimetic narrativity collaborate to the reworking and redistribution of those contents.
Depuis sa première apparition dans La Place de l’étoile (1968), le motif du panier à salade n’a cessé de réapparaître dans les récits de Modiano. Cet article se concentre sur la scène du panier à salade dans sept récits, afin de montrer son caractère obsessionnel. L’analyse montre que le panier à salade surgit dans un scénario que le lecteur reconnaît au fil de ses lectures, en dépit de quelques différences mineures d’un récit à l’autre. Dans sa forme la plus récurrente, le scénario se déroule de la manière suivante : un personnage qui a été arrêté par la police pour un contrôle ne peut prouver son identité et se voit transporté à la station de police dans un panier à salade. L’analyse montre également que ce véhicule est emblématique du passé, qui est la substance même des récits de Modiano : à la fois le passé collectif (les persécutions des Juifs pendant l’Occupation de la France) et le passé individuel (une relation aride entre le narrateur homodiégétique et son père, dans les années 1960). L’article suggère que le processus de réécriture à l’œuvre dans les récits de Modiano, où les mêmes motifs, lieux et types de personnages réapparaissent d’un récit à l’autre, créant une forte impression d’authenticité d’autobiographique, présuppose un type particulier de lecteur, qui ne s’arrête pas au seuil d’un seul récit et qui relit.
Effective communication between students and supervisors has been shown to be of importance for a high quality doctoral education by many pedagogical studies (Manathunga [1] [4]). This contribution focuses on communication between supervisors and doctoral students with regard to the writing of the doctoral thesis. When it comes to supervising the thesis writing process, researchers emphasize the importance of taking four aspects into account: The thesis addressee (For whom does one write?); The kind of texts to be discussed during supervisory meetings (How preliminary should they be?); Writing planning (Is it necessary or not?); Feedback (What kind?). These aspects become even more crucial when the thesis is written in a foreign language, which is the case in the present study, based on empirical data collected within third-cycle education in foreign languages (specialization in French and Italian linguistics) at Lund University in Sweden.With the aim of investigating whether and how the four topics above were actually discussed during the supervisory meetings, four supervisors and their respective doctoral students, having completed their education, were interviewed individually. This contribution accounts for and analyzes their testimonies.The testimonies provide evidence of varying degrees of effectiveness in the communication. The results show that there are no given answers to the four questions above, which in itself proves that they need to be discussed. More importantly, the results clearly indicate that such a discussion is essential to achieve the goals of a doctorate, namely a thesis of an excellent scientific standard and the recognition of an autonomous researcher. From the analysis of the participants' answers it emerges that the communication must be open (not based on assumptions), on a regular basis (since different decisions can be made at different phases of the writing process) and constructive (selfconfidence being a major quality of the independent researcher).
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