Background:The COVID-19 pandemic health crisis has changed household and school routines leaving children and adolescents without important anchors in life. This, in turn, can influence their mental health, changing their behavioral and psychological conditions. Aims:To systematically review the literature to answer the question: "What is the worldwide prevalence of mental health effects in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic?".Methods: Embase, Epistemonikos database, LILACS, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and World Health Organization Global literature on coronavirus disease were searched. Grey literature was searched on Google Scholar, Grey Literature Report, and Preprint server MedRxiv. Observational studies assessing the prevalence of mental health effects in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Four authors independently collected the information and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies.Results: From a total of 11,925 identified studies, 2873 remained after the removal of the duplicated records. Nineteen studies remained after the final selection process.

CONTEXT: Symptoms associated with the primary tooth eruption have been extensively studied but it is still controversial. OBJECTIVE:To assess the occurrence of local and systemic signs and symptoms during primary tooth eruption.DATA SOURCES: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. A partial gray literature search was taken by using Google Scholar and the reference lists of the included studies were scanned. STUDY SELECTION:Observational studies assessing the association of eruption of primary teeth with local and systemic signs and symptoms in children aged 0 to 36 months were included.DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors independently collected the information from the selected articles. Information was crosschecked and confirmed for its accuracy. RESULTS:A total of 1179 articles were identified, and after a 2-phase selection, 16 studies were included. Overall prevalence of signs and symptoms occurring during primary tooth eruption in children between 0 and 36 months was 70.5% (total sample = 3506). Gingival irritation (86.81%), irritability (68.19%), and drooling (55.72%) were the most frequent ones.LIMITATIONS: Different general symptoms were considered among studies. Some studies presented lack of confounding factors, no clear definition of the diagnostics methods, use of subjective measures and long intervals between examinations.CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of the occurrence of signs and symptoms during primary tooth eruption. For body temperature analyses, eruption could lead to a rise in temperature, but it was not characterized as fever.

OBJECTIVE: To describe some biological, behavioural and psychological correlates of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and to determine the relationship between dietary restraint, binge eating, and leptin among obese women seeking treatment. DESIGN: Consecutive series of obese women enrolled in a clinical program for weight reduction treatment. SUBJECTS: Forty-two obese women. Eight participants met the criteria for`severe binge eating' as measured by the Binge Eating Scale. MEASUREMENTS: Energy intake, resting energy expenditure, body composition, leptin, restraint, disinhibition, hunger and binge eating were assessed before starting the treatment. RESULTS: In this sample both higher disinhibition and hunger scores were associated with greater binge eating severity. Obese women with severe binge eating had lower restraint, higher disinhibition and hunger scores, as well as higher daily fat intake, when compared with obese non-binge-eaters. Interestingly, restraint scores were negatively associated with leptin levels among subjects with severe binge eating. CONCLUSION: In obese women with severe binge eating, the negative relationship between dietary restraint and serum leptin concentrations seems mediated by a greater fat intake. These ®ndings need to be veri®ed in further human studies.

The presence of enamel defects was moderate and associated with dental caries.

Background There is no consensus regarding the most effective anaesthetic solution for children; nerve block, especially mandibular, can be difficult for general dentists. Therefore, the study aims to compare the efficacy and the adverse events of articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100 000 with lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:100 000 for primary molar extraction using buccal infiltration. Methods These are data from a parallel triple‐blind randomised controlled trial with a computer‐generated allocation treatment. Forty‐three children aged 6‐10 years with a clinical and radiographic indication of primary molar extraction were enrolled. The intervention was local buccal infiltration with articaine 4% compared with lidocaine 2%. The main outcome was pain during anaesthetic injection and tooth extraction. Adverse events were examined as secondary outcomes. Children were treated in a University setting from April to June 2019. Results Both solutions had similar anaesthetic efficacy in primary molar extraction when applied by the infiltrative technique (β −0.47; 95% CI −3.19 to 2.24; P = .76); however, children reported higher mean pain during articaine deposition (β 2.43; 95% CI 0.28‐4.57; P = .02). The measured lidocaine pH was 3.19 (0.15) and articaine was 2.43 (0.00) (P = .04). Post‐operative pain, oedema and nausea were observed without differences between the groups. Conclusions There was no difference in the efficacy of articaine compared to lidocaine for primary molar extraction. Articaine was more painful during the injection. Practical implications Primary molar extractions can be performed with both articaine and lidocaine buccal infiltration.