The influence of age and gender composition on group performance and self-reported health disorders was examined with data from 4,538 federal tax employees working in 222 natural work unit groups. As hypothesized, age diversity correlated positively with performance only in groups solving complex decision-making tasks, and this finding was replicated when analyzing performance data collected 1 year later. Age diversity was also positively correlated with health disorders--but only in groups working on routine decision-making tasks. Gender composition also had a significant effect on group performance, such that groups with a high proportion of female employees performed worse and reported more health disorders than did gender-diverse teams. As expected, effects of gender composition were most pronounced in large groups. Effects of age diversity were found when controlling for gender diversity and vice versa. Thus, age and gender diversity seem to play a unique role in performance and well-being. The moderating role of task complexity for both effects of age diversity and the moderating role of group size for both effects of gender diversity further suggest that the impact of these 2 variables depends on different group processes (e.g., knowledge exchange, variation in gender salience).
Zusammenfassung. Unternehmen stehen zukünftig weniger jüngere Arbeitnehmer zur Verfügung und sie müssen mehr ältere Arbeitnehmer (50plus) beschäftigen. Auf die hiermit verknüpften Risiken und Chancen sind viele Organisationen kaum vorbereitet. Nach einem einleitenden Blick auf die bekannten Fakten zum demographischen Wandel und das in Deutschland bisher zumeist ignorierte Problem der Altersdiskriminierung im Beruf werden die aktuellen Erkenntnisse zu Leistungs- und Lernpotenzialen Älterer zusammengefasst. Diese Analysen zeigen, dass die aktuell sehr geringe Erwerbsquote älterer Mitarbeiter in Deutschland mehrere Ursachen hat und keinesfalls allein auf unvermeidliche, altersbedingte Einbußen in der Leitungsfähigkeit zurückgeführt werden darf. Das Personalmanagement ist daher aufgefordert, der Diskriminierung älterer Personen in Organisationen entgegen zu wirken und mehr Anreize für ihre langfristige Beschäftigung zu schaffen. Im Anschluss werden weitere Strategien erörtert, die zur Erhaltung der Innovations- und Leistungsfähigkeit und zur besseren Nutzung der Potenziale älterer Mitarbeiter beitragen können. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird den Erkenntnissen zur Altersheterogenität in Teams geschenkt. Darüber hinaus werden die Weiterbildung, die Führung und die altersdifferenzierte Arbeitsgestaltung als Handlungsfelder erörtert, welche für das Personalmanagement älter werdender Belegschaften von großer Bedeutung sind.
This article uses an exceptionally well-documented microcosm of news, 1530s St Gallen, to trace some of the ways in which oral informants and personal networks interacted with, and shaped the reception of, printed news in a small sixteenth-century town. By embedding surviving prints both within St Gallen's broader marketplace of information and within the specific social contexts within which they were read, summarized, and discussed, the article brings to light a diverse set of characters involved in the non-commercial dissemination of news, points out the social dynamics which drove and structured early modern news-mongering, and highlights the competition and scepticism faced by printed news in the early age of print.
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