Los productos biodegradables basados en materias primas agrícolas ocupan un gran espacio en las investigaciones para el desarrollo y mejoramiento de bioplástico a base de almidón que presentan propiedades similares a los plásticos convencionales. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en describir la gelatinización y propiedades mecánicas de bioplásticos extraídos de almidones tanto de cáscaras de yuca (Manihot esculenta) como de cáscaras de papa (Solanum tuberosum). A partir de una revisión bibliográfica literaria complementada con aproximadamente 86 artículos científicos se logró comprobar que la gelatinización de estos residuos en función de sus propiedades fisicoquímicas y funcionales, mejoran sus propiedades mecánicas, además la adición de sustancias poliméricas sintéticas y naturales, plastificantes, materiales de relleno, aditivos, agentes acoplantes, agentes desestructurantes y agua otorgaron las propiedades mecánicas necesarias para trabajar como un termoplástico. Si bien ambos almidones presentan propiedades mecánicas viables para la elaboración de biopolímeros, se logra concluir que el almidón de cáscara de papa puede alcanzar un bioplástico con mejores propiedades mecánicas debido a que presenta gránulos más esféricos y regulares, los cuales pueden formar estructuras moleculares más estables, así como su alto contenido de amilosa favorece en la gelatinización y logra que la fuerza de tensión presente un incremento en comparación al almidón de cáscara de yuca. Palabra clave: Almidón, gelatinización, papa, propiedades mecánicas, yuca. Abstract Biodegradable products based on agricultural raw materials occupy a large space in research for the development and improvement of starch-based bioplastics that have properties similar to conventional plastics. The objective of this work was to describe the gelatinization and mechanical properties of bioplastics extracted from starches both from cassava peels (Manihot esculenta) and potato peels (Solanum tuberosum). From a literary bibliographic review complemented with approximately 86 scientific articles. it was possible to verify that the gelatinization of these residues based on their physicochemical and functional properties, improves their mechanical properties. Moreover, the addition of synthetic and natural polymeric substances, plasticizers, fillers, additives, coupling agents, destructuring agents, and water will give the necessary mechanical properties to work as a thermoplastic. Although both starches have viable mechanical properties for the production of biopolymers, it is possible to conclude that potato peel starch can achieve a bioplastic with better mechanical properties due to the fact that it presents more spherical and regular granules, which can form more stable molecular structures; as well as, its high amylose content favors gelatinization and achieves an increase in the tensile strength compared to cassava shell starch. Keywords: Gelatinization, mechanical properties, yucca, potato, starch.
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