Abstract. The biomisation method is used to reconstruct Latin American vegetation at 6000±500 and 18 000±1000 radiocarbon years before present (14C yr BP) from pollen data. Tests using modern pollen data from 381 samples derived from 287 locations broadly reproduce potential natural vegetation. The strong temperature gradient associated with the Andes is recorded by a transition from high altitude cool grass/shrubland and cool mixed forest to mid-altitude cool temperate rain forest, to tropical dry, seasonal and rain forest at low altitudes. Reconstructed biomes from a number of sites do not match the potential vegetation due to local factors such as human impact, methodological artefacts and mechanisms of pollen representivity of the parent vegetation. At 6000±500 14C yr BP 255 samples are analysed from 127 sites. Differences between the modern and the 6000±500 14C yr BP reconstruction are comparatively small; change relative to the modern reconstruction are mainly to biomes characteristic of drier climate in the north of the region with a slight more mesic shift in the south. Cool temperate rain forest remains dominant in western South America. In northwestern South America a number of sites record transitions from tropical seasonal forest to tropical dry forest and tropical rain forest to tropical seasonal forest. Sites in Central America show a change in biome assignment, but to more mesic vegetation, indicative of greater plant available moisture, e.g. on the Yucatán peninsula sites record warm evergreen forest, replacing tropical dry forest and warm mixed forest presently recorded. At 18 000±1000 14C yr BP 61 samples from 34 sites record vegetation reflecting a generally cool and dry environment. Cool grass/shrubland is prevalent in southeast Brazil whereas Amazonian sites record tropical dry forest, warm temperate rain forest and tropical seasonal forest. Southernmost South America is dominated by cool grass/shrubland, a single site retains cool temperate rain forest indicating that forest was present at some locations at the LGM. Some sites in Central Mexico and lowland Colombia remain unchanged in the biome assignments of warm mixed forest and tropical dry forest respectively, although the affinities that these sites have to different biomes do change between 18 000±1000 14C yr BP and present. The "unresponsive" nature of these sites results from their location and the impact of local edaphic influence.
Este trabajo aborda la problemática del aprovisionamiento de recursos líticos y aspectos cronológicos de las fuentes de abastecimiento a partir del espacio donde se encuentra emplazado el sitio arqueológico Planchada La Puntilla (Amaicha del Valle, Tucumán, Argentina). Se presentan los atributos generales de la base regional de recursos líticos, las materias primas utilizadas y sus fuentes de aprovisionamiento. Específicamente se discute la utilidad del concepto de fuente terciaria en relación al uso/explotación de las fuentes de aprovisionamiento en el largo plazo.
El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados de las primeras dataciones del barniz de las rocas para el noroeste argentino, obtenidas mediante la técnica VML (varnish microlamination) y discutir su utilidad a partir de un caso de estudio en el valle de Santa María. El VML brinda una estimación de la edad mínima de exposición de las superficies geológicas y estructuras arqueológicas (clastos, rodados y artefactos) y es diferente e independiente de métodos como el carbono 14. Se recolectaron y analizaron conjuntos líticos superficiales -geológicos y arqueológicos-del sitio Planchada La Puntilla (PLP), cuyas dataciones sugieren una edad mínima de exposición de la superficie entre los 6.500-7.300 años a.p. y una edad mínima para las piezas líticas del sitio PLP de 5.900-6.500 años a.p. Además, la secuencia de microlaminaciones del barniz conforma un registro climático que hace del barniz una herramienta única para discutir el cambio climático del pasado en un área donde ha sido difícil encontrar proxies más tradicionales. Los resultados de VML permitieron discutir la temporalidad de los procesos de producción artefactual lítica y sus implicancias para otros sitios de superficie, tradicionalmente asociados a la denominada Industria Ampajango, así como las variaciones climáticas durante el Holoceno Medio y Tardío.Palabras claves: Microlaminación del barniz (VML), geocronología, conjuntos líticos de superficie, arqueología noroeste argentino.
The aim of this paper is to report on the first rock varnish microlamination (VML) age determinations for Northwestern Argentina and to discuss the usefulness of this technique in the analysis and interpretation of surface artifact scatters at a case-study archaeological site in the semiarid inter-mountain
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