Outros compostos inorgânicos de estanho têm tido uso prolongado, como, por exemplo, vários pigmentos. Um desses, de grande importância, é o azul cerúleo, nome tradicional do estanato de cobalto(II), CoSnO 3 , mostrado na figura 2. Naturalmente, a fonte de cor do pigmento se deve às transições eletrônicas do íon de cobalto, que é estabilizado pelo contra-íon estanato Outra aplicação interessante do SnO 2 , é o recobrimento de vidro com películas finas do óxido. Essas películas podem ser obtidas pela pirólise de SnCl 4 ou de um cloreto organoestânico passando em contato com a superfície do vidro, em contra-corrente com ar aquecido. A espessura do filme produzido pode ser controlada e vai determinar as características finais
Recebido em 9/1/07; aceito em 10/4/07; publicado na web em 25/9/07 ORIGINS OF THE UNIVERSITIES IN BRAZIL. Higher education was precariously installed in Brazil in colonial times, and during that period it led a difficult life. From the early nineteenth century on several institutions were founded and developed in different parts of the country. Those institutions were kept independent from one another without forming full universities until the beginning of the twentieth century, in a peculiar historical process that sets the country apart in this respect. This article examines this unique development and searches the past for the earliest origins of the nation's present university network.Keywords: Higher education in Brazil; universities in Brazil; origins of the universities.
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