El estrés aumenta los niveles séricos de leptina y prolactina, lo cual puede facilitar la proliferación, diferenciación y supervivencia celular implicadas en el desarrollo del cáncer. Se exploró el efecto del estrés prepuberal agudo inducido por una inyección de lipopolisacárido de E. coli (LPS) sobre los cambios histológicos en la próstata dorsolateral (PDL) y ventral (PV) y sobre la expresión de receptores de leptina (OB-R), prolactina (PRL-R), factor nuclear kB (NF-kB) e interleucina 6 (IL-6). Previo al inicio de la pubertad en el día posnatal 35, un grupo experimental de machos recibió una única inyección de LPS (1.5 mg/kg) y el grupo control recibió solución salina. Para confirmar la eficacia del LPS se evaluó la presencia de ptosis, piloerección, letargia, acurrucamiento y cifosis en ambos grupos durante 48 h. En el día posnatal 90 las ratas se sacrificaron para determinar la histología de la próstata (tinción con hematoxilina y eosina) y los receptores se analizaron mediante la técnica de Western Blot. En el periodo prepuberal solo los animales tratados con LPS mostraron signos de enfermedad durante las primeras 24 h post inyección. En la edad adulta expresaron lesiones en la PDL y PV, así como un incremento del área alveolar en PV y un menor número de receptores para el PRL-R corto de 50 kD. Como conclusión se determinó que una única inyección de LPS durante el periodo prepuberal modifica las características histológicas y moleculares de la próstata de la rata, lo cual adiciona información para explicar el efecto del estrés sobre el desarrollo de patologías como el cáncer.
Summary. Background: Hypercaloric intake can lead to obesity, which is a major risk factor associated with chronic subclinical inflammation and many types of cancer. It can increase the serum levels of leptin, prolactin, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB) and interleukin (IL)-6, implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Aim: To explore the effects of obesity induced by chronic hypercaloric diet in rats on the long-term expression of leptin receptor (OB-R), prolactin receptor, NF-кB, and IL-6, and the changes of histology in rat prostate. Materials and Methods: From postnatal day 21, experimental males were fed with normal chow or chow plus enriched hypercaloric liquid diet. On the postnatal day 90 (13 week old), the animals were euthanized for prostate histology (hematoxylin and eosin staining) and hormone receptors analysis by Western blot. Results: Hypercaloric diet resulted in obesity (32% higher body weight). The prostates of the obese males showed epithelium anisocytosis and compressed interstice. There was also greater volume of lipidic content, anisokaryosis, alterations of the nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, and apparent proplasia. Measures in the ventral prostate (VP) showed that alveoli area increased, but epithelium height and nucleus area were reduced. In the dorsolateral prostate, there was only reduction of nucleus area and presence of mononuclear cells in the lumen. Hypercaloric males also expressed a trend for more OB-R 130 kD in the VP, but no changes were observed with regard to prolactin receptor, NF-кB and IL-6. Conclusion: The obesity due to chronic consumption of hypercaloric diet affects both prostatic regions, but VP is possibly more sensitive via OB-R. We suggest that longer periods of obesity are needed to alter other receptors or the molecular markers of inflammation.
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