Study Design: Level 4 retrospective case series. Objectives: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the main complications of instrumented spinal fusion. The aim of our study was to evaluate infection recurrence (same bacteria) or reinfection (different bacteria) in posterior spinal fusion in children. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate patients who were successfully treated for SSI after instrumented spinal fusion due to deformity, with irrigation and debridement (I&D) procedures, followed by antibiotic therapy, with a follow-up of at least 2 years. Results: Overall, 29 patients with a mean age of 14 + 3 years were evaluated. Preoperative diagnosis was nonidiopathic scoliosis in 23, idiopathic scoliosis in 5, and Scheuermann’s disease in 1 patient. The etiology was Gram-positive cocci (40.9%), Gram-negative bacilli (27.2%), and polymicrobial infection (31.8%). A mean of 1.5 (1-3) I&D procedures were performed. Intravenous antibiotic treatment was given for a mean of 15.8 (4-86) days, followed by oral treatment for a mean of 335.1 (0-1095) days. Mean follow-up was 5 + 2 years (2 to 14 + 7 years) during which 28 patients were cured (96.6%) and 1 patient developed reinfection (3.4%). This reinfection was treated with oral clindamycin for 6 months. After the infection persisted, the decision was to remove the implants. Conclusions: In this series of 29 pediatric patients who underwent instrumented spinal fusion due to deformity, we reported one case of reinfection (3.4%). Given that 96.6% of infections were resolved, we suggest treatment with I&D procedures with retention of implants to treat acute SSI.

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