A pesar de su importancia histórica como elemento de primera necesidad, la sal, junto a todo el patrimonio material a ella asociada, es una de las grandes desconocidas. Si bien la investigación histórico-arqueológica ha desvelado durante las últimas décacins muchas de las incógnitas relativas a la producción y comercialización de la sal gema y de ignición tanto en latitudes de la Europa septentrional como meridional, no existían hasta ahora huellas materiales de la producción del cloruro sódico durante la antigüedad por medio de sistemas de evaporación solar. El análisis geoarqueológico del medio costero de San Fernando (Bahía de Cádiz) ha permitido, en parte, restituir el paleopaisaje marismerio de el saco interior de la bahía gaditana, identificando restos de las estructuras de antiguas salinas romanas y dejando ver la necesidad de reinterpretar muchos indicadores que, relacionados con esta actividad, permanecían mal interpretados.ABSTRACT Despite its historic importance as an essential product, our knowledge of salt, as well as all the material elements associated with it, is very limited. Although over the last few decades historic and archaeological research has cleared up numerous obscure points regarding the production of and trade in rock and igneous salt in both Northern and Southern Europe, until recently there were no physical traces of the.production of salt by natural evaporation in Antiquity. The geoarchaeological analysis of the littoral of San Fernando (B ay of Cadiz) has permitted at least a partial reconstruction of the marshland paleolandscape of the inner bay and the identification of vestiges of Roman saltpans. It is also clear that many of the signs relating to this activity, hitherto misinterpreted, will have to be reviewed.* Este trabajo es una aportación al Proyecto BTE2003-05706 del Ministerio de Ciencias y Tecnología-FEDER, y constituye también una aportación al Grupo de Investigación RNM328 del PAI Junta de Andalucía.
The bay of Cádiz is a coastal area intensively occupied during prehistorical and historical times from which many archaeological remains have been preserved. The bay is a low coast characterized by several spit-barrier systems which close wide estuarine marshes. This kind of coastal environment is especially vulnerable to marine energetic events, like storms and tsunamis, which have occurred in the region during the late Holocene with some regularity. The present work summarizes the different morphosedimentary records of historical marine events identified in the Bay up to date. New chronological and stratigraphical data are presented, obtained from drills, together with different geoarchaeological indicators of historical marine events identified along the Bay. Special attention is paid on the effects produced on the Valdelagrana spit-barrier, where the geometry and age of different historical beach ridges reveal the onset of at least three very energetic events, probably of tsunamigenic origin: one on 2700-2300 cal BP, a second one by the end of the IX century AD and the third one in 1755 AD. The two first events caused deep geomorphological modifications, like river captures, onset of new beach ridge systems, and coastal lowering. Archaeological data indicate that economical effects and infrastructure damage produced by these events conditioned later human occupation and related activities.
La juventud de la Arqueología Subacuática en Andalucía ha provocado que los elementos que forman nuestro patrimonio arqueológico sumergido sean poco conocidos. Por contra, las fuentes documentales ofrecen información histórica sobre miles de naufragios que puede servir para definir zonas con alta potencialidad arqueológica. Por ello, para mejorar la eficacia de las acciones de tutela es preciso contar con herramientas que permitan combinar toda la información relacionada con los bienes culturales sumergidos. Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica son el instrumento informático más adecuado, y en esa línea, el CAS-IAPH inició en el año 2000 un proyecto que, tras desarrollarse de forma experimental en el área comprendida entre la desembocadura del Guadalquivir y la Bahía de Cádiz, ha obtenido como resultado la puesta en marcha de SIGNauta: el Sistema de Información para la Gestión del Patrimonio Arqueológico Subacuático de Andalucía
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