The Hog Plum is a fruit tree native to Brazil. The species has great nutritional, medicinal as well as ecologic importance, so that it has an outstanding role in the maintenance of health and, as in association with other species, in the restoration of degraded areas. Despite this, large impasses are still found for its commercial establishment due to the strong dormancy present in this specie. This analysis aimed to infer, from the experimental researches available in the scientific literature, the most likely candidates as the causer of dormancy existing in Yellow Mombin endocarps. In addition, some recommendations for the publication of papers on the subject are also outlined. In the dormancy classification system, there are 3 hierarchical layers: classes (5 in total), within each class there is a certain amount levels (varying according each class), and within each level, there may or may not be types. To obtain the papers, several data platforms (both in English and Portuguese) were used using keywords to direct and obtain more specific and applicable results. The results show that mechanical dormancy may not be the only cause of dormancy in the species. More recent investigations on the subject have pointed out that physical dormancy, as well as combinational, is not present. As far as the published works reach, non-profound physiological dormancy is possible and consistent with the available literature, however, there is evidence that morphological dormancy is also present. Furthermore, it was possible to realize that a Deep Simple level of morphophysiological dormancy is coherent to the revised literature. Based on the information collected and discussed, it is possible to infer simple deep morphophysiological dormancy as a cause of the low germination rates found.
A piscicultura é a área da aquicultura que trata da produção de peixes em cativeiro. Com o crescimento populacional projetado, a demanda por alimentos tende a crescer vertiginosamente, e a proteína de peixes é uma importante fonte para promover a segurança alimentar. Conhecer o ambiente de uma atividade é de suma importância para a tomada de decisão. A análise de conjuntura é uma ferramenta frequentemente utilizada para caracterizar o estado da arte de uma atividade. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a conjuntura da piscicultura no estado do Pará. Foram coletados dados secundários na plataforma SIDRA do IBGE e, em seguida, foi feita a confecção de gráficos e tabelas. Nacionalmente, a tilápia é a espécie mais produzida em cativeiro, e sua produção vem aumentando progressivamente. Já o tambaqui, em segundo lugar, apresenta produção constante. A região Sul, com ênfase para o estado do Paraná, apresenta a maior produção piscícola do país, seguida pelo Nordeste, enquanto a região norte ocupa o quarto lugar, com indicativos de decrescimento produtivo. Paragominas é o município paraense com maior produção, juntamente com Marabá e Conceição do Araguaia, localizados no Sudeste paraense. A produção regional é focada na produção do tambaqui e de seus híbridos, que englobam a maior parte da produção. Se observa tendência de queda produtiva para o tambaqui no estado do Pará. A tilápia é pouco produzida e tem tendência a manter sua produção estagnada. O avanço na pesquisa da piscicultura paraense é de suma importância para o seu desenvolvimento.
Artificial insemination and TFAI protocols have been the main strategies used for the genetic advancement of herds. Some of these protocols aim adaptations for the period of follicular development during the proestrus of the reproductive cycle of bovine heifers because many authors have reported the pre-ovulatory estradiol concentrations exposure from that period as inductor of the pregnancy success and the development of the fetus. The new 6d protocol with the use of estradiol and progesterone (named J-Synch) bases on the concept estradiol may play a role in the establishment, development, and support of the embryo directly through the induction of endometrial receptors and regulation of histotrophic secretion and indirectly through the subsequent luteal phase that prepares the uterine environment to support the embryo. An analysis of research findings was made on several platforms using keywords. The first researches comparing J-Synch with conventional protocols achieved excellent end results for pregnancy success, but no difference was obtained among treatments, which shows that this protocol can be as conventional as others. It was possible to observe that some factors may influence the effectiveness of J-Synch, including the use of eCG compared to the conventional protocol; estrus detection; the time to perform the IATF; the appropriate nutritional quality status that varies in different seasons; the type of semen that may be used (either conventional or sexed-sorted); and the presence of CL at protocol starts. It was concluded the J-Synch protocol has many opportunities to improve the pregnancy rate for IATF under several conditions approached.
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