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Biomass burning in the Brazilian Amazon is modulated by climate factors, such as droughts, and by human factors, such as deforestation, and land management activities. The increase in forest fires during drought years has led to the hypothesis that fire activity decoupled from deforestation during the twenty-first century. However, assessment of the hypothesis relied on an incorrect active fire dataset, which led to an underestimation of the decreasing trend in fire activity and to an inflated rank for year 2015 in terms of active fire counts. The recent correction of that database warrants a reassessment of the relationships between deforestation and fire. Contrasting with earlier findings, we show that the exacerbating effect of drought on fire season severity did not increase from 2003 to 2015 and that the record-breaking dry conditions of 2015 had the least impact on fire season of all twenty-first century severe droughts. Overall, our results for the same period used in the study that originated the fire-deforestation decoupling hypothesis (2003–2015) show that decoupling was clearly weaker than initially proposed. Extension of the study period up to 2019, and novel analysis of trends in fire types and fire intensity strengthened this conclusion. Therefore, the role of deforestation as a driver of fire activity in the region should not be underestimated and must be taken into account when implementing measures to protect the Amazon forest.

There is evidence that glucosamine sulfate may provide pain relief, reduce tenderness, and improve mobility in patients with OA. Most of the current data, however, are derived from the European and Asian literature and there are no studies supporting the use of this agent in the US. The studies published to date have been done in small numbers of patients; adequate long-term trials examining the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosage requirements of glucosamine sulfate are lacking. Most of the available clinical data are difficult to interpret due to serious deficiencies in study design. Furthermore, studies evaluating the appropriate place of glucosamine sulfate in the therapeutic armamentarium of OA remain to be done.

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-Objective: Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-I Associated Myelopathy (TSP/HAM) is a chronic myelopathy, and pain has been mentioned as a frequent sensory symptom in this condition. The authors aimed at analyzing this symptom in a TSP/HAM patients series. Method: For this, 46 patients were analyzed considering demographic and clinical characteristics and complaint of pain as to verbal description, time of onset and classification, correlated with the degree of motor disability and type of pain. Results: Among the 46 TSP/HAM patients, 28 (60.8%) complained of pain, predominant in the early phase of the disease. Most of the patients exhibited neuropathic characteristics of pain, correlated with increased motor disability. Conclusion: Pain in TSP/HAM patients is a frequent and early symptom, and the neuropathic type is predominant (57.1%) and paralleled with increased incapacitation. The pathogenic involvement of cytokines may possibly be involved in the meaning of this symptom in this condition.Key wordS: TSP/HAM, HTLV-I, pain, inflammatory nociceptive and neuropathic, cytokines.dor em pacientes com paraparesia espástica tropical/mielopatia associada ao HTlV-i resumo -Objetivo: A Paraparesia espástica Tropical/Mielopatia Associada ao HTLV-I (PeT/MAH) é uma mielopatia crônica, e a dor tem sido mencionada como um sintoma sensitivo freqüente nessa condição. os autores objetivam analisar esse sintoma numa série de pacientes com PeT/MAH. Método: Para isso, 46 pacientes foram analisados considerando características demográficas e clínicas, e queixa de dor do ponto de vista da descrição verbal, tempo de início e classificação, correlacionados com o grau de incapacitação motora e o tipo de dor. Resultados: dentre os 46 pacientes com PeT/MAH, 28 (60,8%) se queixavam de dor, predominando na fase inicial da doença. A maioria dos pacientes evidenciou características de dor neuropática, correlacionada com aumento da incapacitação motora. Conclusão: A dor em pacientes com PeT/MAH é um sintoma freqüente e inicial, sendo o tipo neuropático predominante (57,1%) e em paralelo com maior incapacitação. o envolvimento patogênico das citocinas poderá possivelmente estar relacionado com o significado desse sintoma nessa condição clínica.PALAVrAS-CHAVe: PeT/MAH, HTLV-I, dor, nociceptiva inflamatória e neuropática, citocinas.