RESUMOA suinocultura é considerada atividade de alto poder poluidor, face ao elevado número de contaminantes nos seus efluentes, maximizado com o modelo de criação intensiva. Com o objetivo de contribuir para a reversão deste quadro, o presente trabalho teve a finalidade de avaliar o desempenho de um sistema de tratamento composto de um biodigestor e lagoas de estabilização (lagoa anaeróbia, uma facultativa e duas lagoas de maturação) ligadas em série alimentadas com lodo proveniente de uma estação de tratamento de dejetos de suínos. O sistema mostrou-se eficiente para estabilização do resíduo, principalmente da carga orgânica; no entanto, apresenta algumas limitações para redução de nutrientes, sobretudo do nitrogênio, pela contribuição de volatilização de amônia. Palavras-chave: suinocultura, efluentes, alternativas de tratamentoEfficiency of biodigester and stabilization pond interaction in removal of swine manure pollutants ABSTRACT Swine production is considered an activity with a high environmental impact, due to the presence of a high number of contaminants in the effluents that come out from the piggery. In this study the feasibility of a combined process biodigestor and stabilization ponds (anaerobic, facultative and maturation) connected in sequence fed with sludge from a swine manure treatment unit was evaluated. The system showed itsetf as efficient in the removal of organic matter, however it presented some limitations in removing nutrients, especially nitrogen, mainly due to the contribution of volatilization of ammonia.
This work deals with studies on high-rate ponds, a batch working system that is followed by a filter pond where Chinese carp were introduced for piggery wastes treatment. COD removal values for the high-rate pond were in the order of 95% in the summer and 70% in the winter for an initial concentration of 2000 mg/L. Total nitrogen removal values ranged between 90% and 60%, respectively, in summer and winter periods for an initial concentration of 600 mg/L. Seasonal variations, which are mainly observed under differences of temperature, were shown to be not relevant for total phosphorus removal, a process that appears to depend mainly on increases of pH values over 8.5. An hydraulic retention time ranging between 15 to 20 days was found to be best for pond functioning. The plug flow model fits well to the pond's physical characteristics. The filter pond was shown to be a great potential process for removal of algae produced in the high-rate pond.
This work investigates the optimal management of water hyacinth ponds for the improvement of piggery waste treatment. The optimal harvesting strategy for the water hyacinth was studied using a single mathematical model. The water hyacinth optimal harvesting problem was formulated as an optimal control problem that was solved by application of Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. The optimization of the water hyacinth control in the pond indicates that the plant density should be reduced whenever it reaches half of the maximum capacity for growth. Two experimental systems were used to validate the mathematical model, one in real scale and the other in pilot scale. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed harvesting strategy. For example, a comparison of the total nitrogen removal in the different pilot ponds confirmed the modeling results, in that the performance of the pond maintained with 50% water hyacinth cover was better than the others.
RESUMO - Este experimento foi realizado em duas fases para estudar o efeito de diferentes sistemas de aquecimento em piso sobre os desempenhos produtivo e bioeconômico de frangos de corte. Um total de 500 pintos de um dia, 50% macho e 50% fêmea, em cada círculo de proteção, foi distribuído em um delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com sete tratamentos e quatro blocos. Os sistemas de aquecimento testados foram: placa de fibra de vidro sem cobertura de lona plástica; placa de fibra de vidro com cobertura de lona plástica; resistência embutida no piso sem cobertura de lona plástica; resistência embutida no piso com cobertura de lona plástica; placa de argamassa armada sem cobertura de lona plástica; placa de argamassa armada com cobertura de lona plástica; e campânula a gás. O aquecimento foi mantido por 21 dias, iniciando com a temperatura de 35ºC na primeira semana, com redução de 3ºC por semana. Peso vivo, ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e mortalidade foram avaliados. Os consumos de energia elétrica e de gás foram registrados durante todo o período de aquecimento, para comparação de custos. O sistema de aquecimento placa de argamassa com cobertura de lona plástica foi o mais indicado, pois propiciou boas condições térmicas e maior margem bruta no final do período de criação.
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