Partiendo de una definición multidimensional, gradual y procesual del concepto de resiliencia que implica el desarrollo de diversas estrategias , el artículo propone que, en cada posición en el espacio de interacción socio político, la participación socio-comunitaria y/o política promueve la articulación sinérgica de varias dimensiones de la resiliencia (individual, familiar, socio-comunitaria restrictiva, socio-comunitaria inclusiva y política) posibilitando una salida de la crisis con un mayor grado de bienestar. Así pues, basándonos en el material empírico del caso español obtenido en el marco de un proyecto europeo realizado entre 2014 y 2016, este trabajo pone de manifiesto que la participación socio-comunitaria y política constituye un elemento fundamental para impulsar modalidades sinérgicas de resiliencia, potenciando el capital social y el bienestar de sujetos y familias; no obstante, se observa que, precisamente las personas que soportan situaciones de mayor vulnerabilidad, encuentran más obstáculos y menos herramientas para articular estas beneficiosas sinergias. Palabras clave: Estrategias, participación socio-política, re-comunitarización, crisis, población vulnerable.
Packaging warehouses have become central points for accumulation strategies of agribusiness, due to the growing importance of global chains in fruits and vegetables production for fresh. Technological and organizational innovations associated with this process take place, however, in segmented and devalued workspaces. Packing warehouses have tended to use vulnerable work force, mainly women, in close relationship with the subordinate role they occupy in their households and communities. Because of the feminization, work in the packing warehouses is an activity stable but discontinuous, central but precarious, post-fordist but socially undervalued. In the life of women working in the packing stores, her job involves into a roaming between productive and reproductive space, a cyclical and discontinuous temporality, which brings about a culture and a particular work identity. In this paper, we analyze these issues from a case study: fruit growing export of Vega Alta del Segura, in the region of Murcia. To do this, we will focus on in the process of feminization of work in packing warehouses and in cultures and work identities of women in these workplaces.
In this article, we focus on consumption in a context of economic hardship. From an empirical perspective, and using a qualitative methodology, we show how disadvantaged individuals and households maintain a level of consumption commensurate with the society in which they are integrated through a type of consumption conceived of here as “resilient”. Resilient consumption is characterized by being a type of expenditure oriented towards maintaining the role of consumer, that is, maintaining a minimum level of purchasing power, modifying to this end both the level and the structure of consumption, both of which are key elements in the resilience process. We identify five main strategies used by households that modify and restructure the consumption of basic goods and necessities in response to economic hardship. Key resilient consumption strategies include: reduction (cutting down on spending), substitution (replacement of one difficulty with another), compensation (pseudo‐consumption or reduced usage), transference (meta‐resilience) and integration (reinterpretation of difficulties as opportunities). We conclude that although consumption is a naturally resilient behaviour, in a crisis context, resilient practices focus on maintaining acquisition capacity in spite of reduced income.
Este artículo tiene como objeto reconstruir sociológicamente las implicaciones de lo que podríamos llamar la paradoja de los trabajadores agrícolas durante la pandemia. Esto es, su consideración como trabajadores esenciales supuso, al mismo tiempo, su conversión en trabajadores de riesgo y motivo de alarma pública. Basándose en las lógicas de pureza y peligro identificadas por Mary Douglas (1991), el artículo analiza cómo algunas de las estrategias de salud pública desarrolladas por las instituciones durante la pandemia contribuyeron a reforzar la invisibilidad y la vulnerabilidad de los trabajadores migrantes. El artículo muestra cómo, al ser situados en el ámbito de lo impuro y lo peligroso, los trabajadores agrícolas extranjeros no pudieron recibir la atención sanitaria que requerían y sus espacios de vida se convirtieron así en entornos propicios para el contagio del virus. A partir de la explotación de fuentes secundarias, revisión documental y entrevistas en profundidad a informantes clave, este artículo ofrece, en primer lugar, una descripción del proceso por el que la conversión institucional de los trabajadores agrícolas extranjeros en la Región de Murcia en trabajadores esenciales facilitó la propagación de los contagios. En segundo lugar, se muestra la vinculación entre la precariedad de las condiciones de trabajo y vida de los trabajadores agrícolas y la ausencia de una ética del cuidado de sí mismos. Y, finalmente, el artículo se analizan las respuestas institucionales ante la amenaza representada por el aumento de contagios entre los trabajadores agrícolas inmigrantes.
The article analyzes how the Global G.A.P. standard has contributed to the construction of a link between nature and agriculture and to a form of nature valuation that has strong historical roots in the process of agricultural modernization of the Region of Murcia. It explores how Global G.A.P. has created an institutional and normative space in which the interactions of human and non-human elements (technology, norms, procedures, nature values, institutions, objects and materials, etc.) are stabilized and conceived within the sphere of profitability. Based on secondary sources and in-depth interviews, the article first provides a brief explanation of the relationship between standards, values, and nature. Second, it examines the organizational and technological modernization of the farming industry in the Region of Murcia. The article finishes with a detailed description of how water, soil and fertilizer management are designed and controlled.
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