Actinomycosis is an uncommon entity caused by an anaerobic bacterium, Actinomyces Israeli, a component of the human oral and gastrointestinal flora. However, it can cause clinical disease, usually consisting of chronic inflammation and sinus tract formation. Abdominal actinomycosis, a rare entity itself, most commonly occurs at the appendix and in the ileocecal valve area. Authors present the case of a 24-year-old patient in which this disease presented as acute appendicitis resolved with a simple appendicectomy, and the etiology, actinomycosis was proved only in the histopathological report.

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus. It affects 7-10% of women of reproductive age. Most commonly, the condition affects pelvic organs, however, 12% are encountered at extragenital sites, such as lungs, diaphragm, or umbilicus. Authors present the case of a 32 year old patient presenting with secondary umbilical endometriosis, after a recent surgical procedure. Manifesting umbilical mass, pain and catamenial bleeding from the umbilicus.