Our aim was to determine the influence of the variables Death Anxiety, Loneliness, and Depression on suicidal ideation in Peruvian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 1342 subjects from Lima–Callao and regions of Peru, selected with non-probabilistic purposive sampling. A predictive, non-experimental design with the cross-sectional measurement using previously validated questionnaires was conducted. The differential effect of the variables Death Anxiety, Loneliness, and Depression on suicidal ideation was found. The two models obtained through structural equation modeling highlight a significant predictive relationship of Depression directly on suicidal ideation, while Loneliness is the second factor that best predicts suicidal ideation’s indirect relationships. Likewise, being single and unemployed were found to be significantly associated (p < 0.05) and to have a differential effect on Death Anxiety, Loneliness and Depression. The same trend was evidenced by people aged less than 30, with no schooling, not practicing sports and sleeping less than 4 h; however, neither having had COVID-19 nor place of residence was found to influence suicidal ideation. As a conclusion, depressive symptomatology is the best predictor of suicidal ideation. Likewise, loneliness indirectly influences suicidal ideation.
En los últimos años se ha observado un creciente aumento de los trastornos psicológicos en la adolescencia, particularmente de ansiedad y depresión. A pesar de su importancia clínica, estos desórdenes emocionales no son abordados oportunamente, entre otras razones por la escasez de instrumentos para este grupo etario. Por ello, en este estudio de diseño instrumental se buscó analizar la validez, fiabilidad y equidad de las Escalas Abreviadas de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21). Participaron 731 adolescentes peruanos con edades entre 14 y 17 años (M = 15.46; DE = 1.00, 54% hombres), provenientes de tres instituciones educativas públicas de la provincia constitucional del Callao. Se analizaron las evidencias de validez de contenido y se examinaron estadísticamente los 21 ítems del DASS-21. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró la pertinencia del modelo de tres factores: X2/gl = 2.87, CFI = .91, TLI = .89, RMSEA = .05 y SRMR = .04. Se corroboró que el estrés es predictor de ansiedad (r = .88, r 2 = .76) y depresión (r = .86, r 2 = .74), y que ansiedad y depresión (r =.86, r 2 =.73) suelen manifestarse en conjunto. Los coeficientes de consistencia interna alfa y omega > .80 demuestran la alta fiabilidad de las tres escalas. Finalmente, el análisis de invarianza factorial indicó que el instrumento es equivalente según edad y sexo. Se concluye que las escalas DASS-21 cuentan con evidencias psicométricas para su aplicación como instrumento de cribado en adolescentes peruanos. No obstante, se sugiere realizar futuras investigaciones para obtener mayores evidencias de validez, fiabilidad y equidad, y elaborar datos normativos
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