El trabajo propone el análisis de los géneros discursivos en la comunicación política, con énfasis en los spots electorales. El corpus consideró los spots de la elección para gobernador del estado de Puebla, México, en 2010. Los hallazgos revelan la configuración discursiva estandarizada de los spots, bajo los principios de verosimilitud y legitimación política de la democracia representativa. palabras claVe: Géneros discursivos, spots, elecciones, estilo y democracia. This paper proposes the analysis of discursive genres in political communication, with emphasis on electoral spots. The corpus considered the spots of the election for governor of the state of Puebla, Mexico, in 2010. The findings reveal the discursive, standardized configuration of the spots under the principles of credibility and political legitimacy of representative democracy.
RESUMEN:En México, la arena electoral ha experimentado sustantivas transformaciones durante las últimas décadas. Ha transitado de una abrumadora etapa de dominación por parte del Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) a una competitiva lucha entre diversos partidos políticos, donde las alianzas electorales y la alternancia son un fenómeno recurrente. Este artículo busca explicar el cambio de sistema de partido hegemónico (con características autoritarias) a uno democrático multipartidista, estableciendo que la Modernización de la Administración Pública Mexicana, pero sobre todo, las reformas electorales, han favorecido la configuración de más y (mayormente competitivos) partidos políticos e instituciones electorales de carácter neutral. El argumento es construido con base en el análisis documental de las reformas electorales de 1977, 1986, 1990, 1996, y 2014, así como de los resultados electorales (locales y federales), concluyendo con las implicaciones del desarrollo del sistema político mexicano. ABSTRACT:In Mexico, the electoral arena has experienced substantial transformations throughout the last decades. It has changed from an overwhelming stage of domination by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) to a competitive struggle between diverse political parties, where pre-electoral coalitions (PECS) and political alternation are a recurrent phenomenon. This paper seeks to explain the switch from an hegemonic party system (with authoritarian characteristics) to a democratic multi-party system, by stating that the Mexican Public Administration´s modernization, but especially the electoral reforms, have favored a phased configuration of a larger (and more competitive) number of parties and neutral electoral institutions. The argument is built upon the analysis of several documentary research, based on the 1977, 1986, 1990, 1996, and 2014 electoral reforms, federal and local electoral results, concluding with the Mexican political system´s development implications.
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