N-Glycolyl GM3 ganglioside is an attractive target antigen for cancer immunotherapy, because this epitope is a molecular marker of certain tumor cells and not expressed in normal human tissues. The murine monoclonal antibody 14F7 specifically recognizes N-glycolyl GM3 and shows no cross-reactivity with the abundant N-acetyl GM3 ganglioside, a close structural homologue of N-glycolyl GM3. Here, we report the crystal structure of the 14F7 Fab fragment at 2.5 Å resolution and its molecular model with the saccharide moiety of N-glycolyl GM3, NeuGc␣3Gal4Glc. Fab 14F7 contains a very long CDR H3 loop, which divides the antigen-binding site of this antibody into two subsites. In the docking model, the saccharide ligand is bound to one of these subsites, formed solely by heavy chain residues. The discriminative feature of N-glycolyl GM3 versus N-acetyl GM3, its hydroxymethyl group, is positioned in a hydrophilic cavity, forming hydrogen bonds with the carboxyl group of Asp H52, the indole NH of Trp H33 and the hydroxyl group of Tyr H50. For the hydrophobic methyl group of N-acetyl GM3, this environment would not be favorable, explaining why the antibody specifically recognizes N-glycolyl GM3, but not N-acetyl GM3. Mutation of Asp H52 to hydrophobic residues of similar size completely abolished binding. Our model of the antibodycarbohydrate complex is consistent with binding data for several tested glycolipids as well as for a variety of 14F7 mutants with replaced VL domains.
Para el diagnóstico del virus de la hepatitis C, se utilizan ampliamente las pruebas de Elisa por su sensibilidad y especificidad. Gran parte de ellos se basa en el empleo de péptidos sintéticos. Una de las zonas más conservadas y de gran antigenicidad es la región estructural del virus. En este estudio, se sintetizaron siete péptidos de zonas informadas como altamente antigénicas de la región estructural del virus de la hepatitis C. Los péptidos sintetizados representan la región del núcleo del virus. Se realizó la evaluación y comparación be los resultades de los péptidos sintetizados, para lo cual se emplearon muestraspos~tiva~ (n=72) y negativas (n=42). Con los péptidos más cercanos a la región amino terminal, la reactividad fue alta, pero fue disminuyendo a medida que nos acercabamos a la región carboxilo terminal. Estos resultadgs. . .-.region were synthesiz~d. Those peptides represent the itructural region bf the hepatitis C virus.~esults of synthesized peptides were tested and compared. Positive (n=72) and negative (n=42) sam~les were em~loved. Reactivitv was hiah in ue~tides closest to the N-terminus reaion and it decreased toward thé C-terminus ;egion. f h e res"lts coincide with other authors' resilts.
Para el diagnóstico del virus de la hepatitis C, se utilizan las pruebas de Elisa, debido a su sensibilidad y especificidad. Gran parte de estas pruebas se basa en el empleo de péptidos sintéticos y, en la actualidad, de péptidos quiméricos. En este estudio se sintetizó un péptido quimérico que comprende secuencias inmunodominantes de las regiones no estructurales NS4 y NS5 del virus de la hepatitis C. El péptido representativo de las dos secuencias está separado por un brazo espaciador de dos residuos de glicina. El péptido se evaluó como antígeno en un ensayo UMELISA, utilizando muestras positivas (n=30), muestras negativas (n=40) y el panel de Boston Biomedica Inc. (n=40). Los resultados del péptido quimérico NS41 NS5 se compararon con los resultados de los péptidos individuales NS4 y NS5 y con la mezcla de estos dos péptidos. Los resultados de los péptidos individuales coinciden con los datos informados en la literatura. Con la mezcla de los péptidos, no aumentó la detección de muestras positivas, pero con el péptido quimérico se logró aumentar la sensibilidad.Palabras clave: péptidos sintéticos, péptidos quiméricos, VHC, NS4, NS5, UMELISA Evaluation of a chimeric peptide NS4 and NS5 for HCV antibody detection Elisa tests are widely used for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection because of their sensitivity and specificity Most of the Elisas are based on the use of synthetic peptides. At present, chimeric peptides are being used. In the present study, a chimeric peptide with immunodominant sequences of the NS4 and NS5 nonstructural regions of the hepatitis C virus was synthesized. The representative peptide of the two sequences was separated by a glycineglycine spacer.The peptide was tested as antigen in an UMELISA assay, using positive samples (n=30), negative samples (n=40) and a panel from Boston Biomedica Inc. (n=40). Results from the NS4 and NS5 chimeric peptide were compared with the results from the NS4 and NS5 individual peptides and with the mixture of these two peptides. Results of individual peptides coincide with those previously reported. The mixture of the two peptides did not increase the detection of positive samples, but the chimeric peptide increased sensitivity,
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