Background Metoprolol administration before reperfusion has shown relevant cardioprotective effect in the AMI in preclinical setting. However, the translation to clinical arena has controversial results. The time at drug administration in the context of total duration of ischemia have been pointed as fundamental aspects to be studied. Purpose evaluate the cardioprotective effect of metoprolol administration regarding to the total time of ischemia, using a swine model of reperfused AMI. Methods 50 pigs were subjected to 3 temporary protocols of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. 30 pigs undergoing 40 minutes of ischemia (T40) were randomized 2:1 to intravenous placebo or metoprolol administrated 20 minutes after LAD occlusion.10 pigs undergoing 20 minutes of ischemia 20 (T20) and 10 pig undergoing 60 minutes of ischemia 60 (T60) were randomized 1:1 to intravenous placebo or metoprolol. Before reperfusion a CT study was performed to stablish the area at risk (AAR). CMR was performed at 7 and 45 days after AMI. Results 48 subjects comprised the 7-day CMR follow-up (1 dead in the metoprolol T40,1 dead in the placebo T40) while 41 subjects comprised the 45-day CMR follow-up (5 deceases in the placebo T40 group, and 2 in the placebo T60 group). AAR was similar among groups (Table 1, Panel B). At 7-day follow-up, IS washigher in the placebo groups as compared to the metoprolol groups, but only reach significant difference in the T40 (29,67% vs. 22,85%, p=0.04, Table 1, Panel A). LVEF measured at 45-day follow-up was higher in the metoprolol groups vs the control groups, but the differences were statistically significance in the T40 (32,76% vs 39,68% p=0.04, Panel C). Table 1 20 mins. Ischemia (T20) 40 mins. Ischemia (T40) 60 mins. Ischemia (T60) P PLACEBO METOPROL P value PLACEBO METOPROL P value PLACEBO METOPROL P value AAR 32 (28.14–37.89) 33.41 (28.12–38.32) 0.82 32.99 (29.25–35.83) 31.42 (26.94–37.83) 0.72 33.28 (29.68–41.14) 33.93 (28.17–40.69) 0.80 0.98 IS 1.96 (0.92–3.61) 0 (0–0.65) 0.063 29.67 (27.23–35.35) 22.85 (14.53–28.10) 0.042 36.21 (33.55–40.91) 33.78 (39.36–35.39) 0.31 <0.001 LVEF 54.36 (49.75–58.97) 55.34 (53.14–60.88) 0.66 32.76 (26.91–36.10) 39.68 (35.45–45.28) 0.023 26.13 (22.40–31.25) 32.99 (31.32–35.19) 0.071 <0.001 Values are median (interquartile range). Bold indicates statistical significance. AAR = Area at Risk (% of Left ventricular). IS = Infartc Size (% of Left ventricular). LVEF = Left ventricular ejection fraction (%). Conclusions Metoprolol administrated early before reperfusion reduced IS and improved medium-term LVEF compared to placebo. But only T40 receiving metoprolol shownsignificant protection vs placebo. These findings suggest a relevant effect of metoprolol ischemic/reperfusion injury, but depending on the total ischemic time, establishing a potential temporary cardioprotection opportunity window.
Gracias y mención especial a todo el personal administrativo y managers. Gracias Anabel, por ser la primera cara con la que me crucé por aquí cuando aún no sabía lo que se venía encima; gracias por quedarte hasta casi medianoche rellenando la PFIS, sin ti hoy no habría podido hacer la tesis. Gracias a Eeva por estar siempre ahí y lanzar una sonrisa a tiempo (que sirve más de lo que crees), gracias a Edu (Bieger) y a Sonia por su apoyo logístico y no tan logístico. Gracias a Víctor Bautista y a Ali Ayaon, por su apoyo al realizar los modelos quirúrgicos de esta tesis, sin los cuales se habría quedado a medio gas. Gracias al Dr. James McCully y a todos mis compañeros del laboratorio del Boston Children's Hospital: Arzoo, Alvise, Giovanna, Kamila, Caytlin, David y Dimitri. Gracias por enseñarme sobre el trasplante mitocondrial, así como formas diferentes de trabajar y por acompañarme durante mi estancia en una de las mejores experiencias de mi vida. Gracias a todos los que habéis pasado por aquí que, aunque lo creáis o no, habéis hecho mella y me habéis aportado algún granito de arena que otro: David, Juan, Dani, Chusa, Ramón y el inestimable número de cardiólogos del programa Res@CNIC, alumnos de prácticas, etc.Gracias a Manu y a José, por ayudar a abstraerme del estrés que supone una empresa de este calibre. Gracias por vuestra amistad. Si no he muerto en el intento es gracias a vosotros.Gracias a mi familia, a vosotros os dedico en especial esta tesis porque sois de los que más habéis sufrido sus consecuencias. A mis padres Estela y José Carlos y a mis hermanas Rebeca y Paloma: gracias por apoyarme en todas mis decisiones y por vuestro apoyo y amor incondicionales.
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