The objective of this study was to test the €œmale effect€ on the reproductive performance of Anglo Nubian does (n = 180), aged between 24 and 60 months, under different male-to-female ratios (1:20 €“ T20, 1:30 €“ T30, and 1:40 €“ T40) and climatic conditions (dry season €“ DS, and rainy season €“ RS). Does were randomly distributed into three groups (T20, T30, and T40) and were isolated from bucks at a distance of 300 m for 60 days before the start of the experiments. The first manifestation of estrous during the DS occurred 6.83 ± 4.54 (T20), 6.72 ± 4.56 (T30) and 7.05 ± 5.23 (T40) days following the onset of the breeding season (P>0.05). In the RS, onset of estrous was observed 6.60 ± 4.74 (T20), 6.70 ± 4.43 (T30) and 7.46 ± 4.54 (T40) days after the beginning of the breeding season (P>0.05). Estrous induction in females during the DS occurred in 95% (T20), 80% (T30), and 75.5% (T40) of all females. During the RS, estrous detection reached 100% (T20), 100% (T30), and 97.5% (T40) of all females, with no difference between all RS and DS groups. Estrous synchronization during the DS occurred in 35.00% (T20), 36.66% (T30), and 32.50% (T40) of all females, for an average occurrence of 34.72%. During the RS, synchronization occurred in 65% (T20), 70% (T30) and 62.25% (T40) of all females, for an average occurrence of 65.75%; no difference was detected between the RS and the DS. Pregnancy rates in the DS groups were 65.0% (T20), 70.0% (T30), and 62.5% (T40), while pregnancy rates in the RS were 90.0% (T20), 86.6% (T30), and 95.0% (T40). No difference was observed for conception rates between any of the RS and DS groups. Prolificacy during the DS was 1.30 (T20), 1.30 (T30) and 1.35 (T40), while in the RS prolificacy was 1.29 (T20), 1.25 (T30) and 1.30 (T40). Thus, the male effect can be used effectively for goats under 1:20€“1:40 male-to-female ratios in a 45-day mating season under varying climatic conditions.

The objective of the present study was to determine if separation distance between bucks and does during two distinct climate seasons could affect the reproductive performance of goats subjected to a 45-day mating season (MS). Anglo Nubian does (n = 120) were kept apart from bucks at distances of 2 m (T1), 300 m (T2), and 2000 m (T3) for 60 days prior to the 45-day MS during two distinct climate seasons [dry season (DS, February to March) . In summary, the separation distance between bucks and does did not affect the reproductive outcome of Anglo Nubian goats over a 45-day MS under tropical conditions. Greater reproductive outcome was observed during the RS than the DS regardless of the separation distance between bucks and does.Keywords: bioestimulation, goat, small ruminants. DESEMPENHO REPRODUTIVO USANDO DISTÂNCIAS DIFERENTES PARA O PRÉ-CONDICIONAMENTO DO EFEITO MACHO EM CAPRINOS DURANTE DOIS PERÍODOS CLIMÁTICOS DISTINTOSRESUMO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar se a distância de isolamento entre machos e fêmeas avaliado durante dois períodos climáticos distintos afeta o desempenho reprodutivo de caprinos submetidos a uma estação de monta (EM) de 45 dias. Fêmeas Anglo Nubianas (n = 120) foram afastadas dos machos por distâncias de 2 m (T1), 300 m (T2) e 2000 m (T3) por 60 dias antes da EM de 45 dias sob diferentes condições climáticas [estação seca (ES, Fevereiro a Março) e estação chuvosa (EC, Setembro a Outubro)] em Sertânia, estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Não houve efeito da distância de pré-condicionamento entre machos e fêmeas em nenhuma variável avaliada. No entanto, durante a ES, a média da primeira manifestação de estro variou (P>0,05) entre os grupos [7,13±4,49 (T1)