Background/Aims: Adipose microenvironment is involved in signaling pathways that influence prostate cancer (PCa) progression. However, the role of human periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has not been studied and compared to that of PPAT from PCa patients. The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of factors derived from both PPATs on the behavior of androgen-dependent and castration resistant PCa cells. Methods: PPAT conditioned media (CM) were obtained from tissue samples from patients with clinically primary PCa (TPPAT) or BPH (BPPAT). Cell adhesion, proliferation, migration and metalloproteinase expression were evaluated following exposure of LNCaP (androgen dependent) and PC3 (androgen independent) prostate cancer cell lines to BPPAT or TPPAT CM. Results: Proliferation or motility of LNCaP or PC3 cells were not significantly affected by TPPAT or BPPAT CM. The number of LNCaP but not PC3 cells attached to components of TPPAT CM significantly decreased compared to cells attached to BPPAT CM. PPAT produced and released pro-MMP-9. Zymograms demonstrated that TPPAT CM induced a significant increase in pro-MMP-9 activity compared to BPPAT CM in LNCaP cells but not in PC3 cells. Conclusions: We conclude that TPPAT released factors, such as pro-MMP-9, could induce the invasive capacity of LNCaP cells and speculate that PPAT derived factors could, in the early stages of prostate cancer, modulate disease progression.

It was observed a coexistence of an altered hormone profile with increased sex hormones and leptin in PCa patients, in accordance with the new perspective of PCa pathogenesis.

Background/Aim: Periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) directs tumour behaviour. Microenvironment secretome provides information related to its biology. This study was performed to identify secreted proteins by PPAT, from both prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients. Patients and Methods: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis was performed in PPAT-conditioned media (CM) from patients with prostate cancer (CMs-T) (stage T3: CM-T3, stage T2: CM-T2) or benign disease (CM-BPH). Results: The highest number and diversity of proteins was identified in CM-T3. Locomotion was the biological process mainly associated to CMs-T and reproduction to CM-T3. Immune responses were enriched in CMs-T. Extracellular matrix and structural proteins were associated to CMs-T. CM-T3 was enriched in proteins with catalytic activity and CM-T2 in proteins with defense/immunity activity. Metabolism and energy pathways were enriched in CM-T3 and those with immune system functions in CMs-T. Transport proteins were enriched in CM-T2 and CM-BPH. Conclusion: Proteins and pathways reported in this study could be useful to distinguish stages of disease and may become targets for novel therapies.