En el Perú hay dos especies endémicas de algodón, G. barbadense L. y G. raimondii Ulbrich, que han sido utilizadas desde las culturas preincas. Actualmente, en el Perú se busca reevaluarlas y rescatarlas en vista de una mayor demanda del mercado, que busca evitar el uso de colorantes artificiales. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo con el propósito de contribuir al conocimiento de la caracterización del fruto, semilla y fibra de un ecotipo de G. raimondii, conocido como “algodón silvestre”. Se utilizó material vegetal del Distrito de San Benito, Provincia de Contumazá, Departamento de Cajamarca. La fase experimental se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, que consistió en las mediciones de la longitud y del ancho de frutos, semillas y fibras, así como el número de lóculos y semillas. Se consideró un análisis estadístico del tipo descriptivo con 60 repeticiones por cada componente. El fruto tuvo una longitud promedio de 2,14 cm y 1,46 cm de ancho, con cuatro lóculos. Las semillas tuvieron una longitud promedio de 5,74 mm y un ancho de 3,25 mm, con un promedio de 23,6 semillas por fruto. En promedio, la fibra tuvo 11,95 mm de largo y 7,34 um de ancho. La caracterización del fruto, semilla y fibra del “algodón silvestre” G. raimondii permite diferenciarlo del “algodón pardo” (G. barbadense) y del ecotipo “algodón verde” (G. raimondii). Se recomienda continuar con estudios moleculares que permitan dilucidar el grado de emparentamiento de estas especies y ecotipos.

Myliobatis peruvianus“raya” is a regionally endangered (EP) species based on the drastic decrease in shipments of the species by 90%. There is also a lack of information on the species in different aspects such as the maximum depth it frequents; longevity, rate of population increase, also lacking genetic information through the use of DNA molecular markers. The objective of the present investigation was to compare three DNA extraction protocols for their subsequent use in genetic studies through the use of DNA molecular markers. Three extraction protocols were used, which were Phenol-Chloroform, Common Salt and Mezzomo, the concentration and quality of DNA were measured with NanoDrop One C, the data were subjected to an analysis of variance and a Tukey multiple comparison test, obtained good quality DNA in the common salt and phenol-chloroform protocols; while regarding the DNA concentration, the protocol that gave the best result was that of common salt.

Corn is a crop of great importance in the world since it constitutes a basic component of the diet of the population; a production of 1026.61 million tons was estimated during the present year. Currently, there are many theories about the wild ancestors of corn, being Proto-Confite Morocho one of the primitive races in Peru, which is attributedas the ancestor of numerous native varieties. Therefore, knowledge of its genetic constitution is important since it gives us the possibility of finding phylogenetic affinities and indicators of systematic classification. The present study was carried out with the purpose of elaborating the karyotype of Zea mays ssp. mays ‘native corn’ Proto-Confite morocho and determine the number and morphology of the chromosomes. Corn seeds from the province of Virú, La Libertad, Peru, were used, while the experimental phase was developed in the Laboratory of Geneticsand Molecular Biology at the National University of Trujillo, where metaphase plaques were obtained, selecting the best to perform the karyotype. It was concluded that the Zea mays ssp. mays ‘native corn’ Proto-Confite morocho presents 3 pairs of chromosomes ( 4, 4’, 8, 8’, 10, 10’) submetacentric and 7 pairs of chromosomes (1, 1’, 2, 2’,3, 3’, 5, 5’, 6, 6’, 7, 7’, 9, 9’) metacentric, which average size are between 4.16 and 1.88 μm.