ResumoVários estudos descreveram alterações na riqueza e abundância de grupos de insetos ao longo dos gradientes altitudinais, contudo há poucas informações para as vespas sociais (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). O presente trabalho avaliou a inluência da altitude sobre a diversidade desses insetos em fragmentos de lorestas estacionais semideciduais em clima tropical de altitude. O estudo foi conduzido em três cotas altimétricas distintas na região sul do estado de Minas Gerais, entre 997 e 2080 m. Foram realizados 24 dias de amostragem durante dez meses por meio de coleta ativa. Foram registradas 34 espécies distribuídas em 11 gêneros, a Cota 01 registrou 27, a Cota 02 registrou 19 espécies e a Cota 03 foram registradas 11 espécies. O gênero mais frequente na área de estudo foi Polybia. O trabalho mostra que em áreas de clima tropical de altitude acima de 1800 m a diversidade diminui consideravelmente, e aumenta o número de espécies que nidiicam por enxameamento e constroem ninhos com invólucro protetor.Palavras-chave: Biogeograia; Fragmentos lorestais; Insetos; Polistinae Abstract Social wasp communities (Hymenoptera Vespidae) at diferent altitudinal levels in southern MinasGerais, Brazil. Various studies have described changes in richness and abundance of insect groups along altitudinal gradients, but there is little information about social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in this regard. This study evaluated the inluence of altitude on the diversity of these insects in fragments of semideciduous forest in a tropical altitude climate. Three diferent elevations in southern Minas Gerais, from 997 to 2080 meters, were studied. Sampling was carried out on 24 days in a ten-month period by active collection. A total of 34 species were found, distributed in 11 genera. At Level 01, 27 species were recorded, and at Level 02, there were 19 species, while Level 03 showed 11 species. The most frequent genus in the sudy area was Polybia, This study showed that in high-altitude tropical climate areas above 1800 meters, diversity decreases substantially and that the number of species that nest by swarming and build nests with protective cover increases.
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