Understanding regional deformation in the lung has long attracted the medical community, as parenchymal deformation plays a key role in respiratory physiology. Recent advances in image registration make it possible to noninvasively study regional deformation, showing that volumetric deformation in healthy lungs follows complex spatial patterns not necessarily shared by all subjects, and that deformation can be highly anisotropic. In this work, we systematically study the regional deformation in the lungs of eleven human subjects by means of in vivo image-based biomechanical analysis. Regional deformation is quantified in terms of 3D maps of the invariants of the right stretch tensor, which are related to regional changes in length, surface and volume. Based on the histograms of individual lungs, we show that log-normal distributions adequately represent the frequency distribution of deformation invariants in the lung, which naturally motivates the normalization of the invariant fields in terms of the log-normal score. Normalized maps of deformation invariants allow for a direct intersubject comparison, as they display spatial patterns of deformation in a range that is common to all subjects. For the population studied, we find that lungs in supine position display a marked gradient along the gravitational direction not only for volumetric but also for length and surface regional deformation, highlighting the role of gravity in the regional deformation of normal lungs under spontaneous breathing.

The present study did not demonstrate a significant association between CCND1 and / or P21 / WAF1 genotypes and OSCC. However, P21 protein expression in OSCC tumours is affected by P21 / WAF1 genotype.

Background Child maltreatment is a complex social and public health problem. Aim To evaluate the frequency of the recognition by Brazilian health professionals in primary care of child physical abuse (CPA) and associated factors. Design A representative cross‐sectional study was conducted with dentists, nurses, family physicians, and pediatricians who participated in the network of the Family Health Strategy in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Data collection involved in the administration of a questionnaire validated for use in Brazil. Data were collected from 181 dentists, 235 nurses, 203 family physicians, and 96 pediatricians. Results Among the 715 health professionals, 499 (69.8%) had some type of postgraduate degree and 414 (57.9%) recognized suspected or proved cases of CPA. The recognition was associated with occupation, as pediatricians recognized 14.11‐fold [OR = 14.11 (95% CI: 3.73 to 53.43)] more cases of CPA compared with dentists. The recognition was also associated with a longer period of time working in the city [OR = 2.79 (95% CI: 1.24 to 6.29)]. Conclusion The recognition of cases was positively associated with the longer working time in the municipal network and with pediatricians. The dentist was the category that was least associated with the recognition of CPA.

Abstract. epigenetic silencing of gene expression by promoter cpg island hypermethylation is promoted by the enzymes, DnA methyltransferases (DnMts). DnMt3a is mainly involved in de novo methylation, whereas DnMt1 acts mainly as a maintenance methyltransferase. the purpose of this study was to investigate the immunoexpression of DnMt1 and DnMt3a in a set of odontogenic cysts and tumours. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples of eight radicular cysts, 10 odontogenic keratocysts (oKc), eight adenomatoid odontogenic tumours (Aot), 16 ameloblastomas and eight samples of normal mucosae were included in the study. The DNMT1 and DNMT3a proteins were identified by using a highly sensitive polymer-based system. We found that the normal oral mucosa, oKc, Aot, radicular cyst and ameloblastomas samples showed a widespread nuclear and cytoplasmic immunopositivity for DnMt1. some radicular cysts, ameloblastomas, Aot and oKc samples presented a positive cytoplasmic reaction for DnMt3a, while negative staining was observed in the normal oral mucosa. nuclear positivity was found only in the suprabasal cell layers of three oKc samples. our study shows an increased expression of DNMT3a in odontogenic cysts and tumours, confirming that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the development of these tumours.

Deformable image registration (DIR) is an image-analysis method with a broad range of applications in biomedical sciences. Current applications of DIR on computed-tomography (CT) images of the lung and other organs under deformation suffer from large errors and artifacts due to the inability of standard DIR methods to capture sliding between interfaces, as standard transformation models cannot adequately handle discontinuities. In this work, we aim at creating a novel inelastic deformable image registration (i-DIR) method that automatically detects sliding surfaces and that is capable of handling sliding discontinuous motion. Our method relies on the introduction of an inelastic regularization term in the DIR formulation, where sliding is characterized as an inelastic shear strain. We validate the i-DIR by studying synthetic image datasets with strong sliding motion, and compare its results against two other elastic DIR formulations using landmark analysis. Further, we demonstrate the applicability of the i-DIR method to medical CT images by registering lung CT images. Our results show that the i-DIR method delivers accurate estimates of a local lung strain that are similar to fields reported in the literature, and that do not exhibit spurious oscillatory patterns typically observed in elastic DIR methods. We conclude that the i-DIR method automatically locates regions of sliding that arise in the dorsal pleural cavity, delivering significantly smaller errors than traditional elastic DIR methods.