Ensayos sobre POLÍTICA ECONÓMICA Abordando la desigualdad de género. Empleo en tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y diferencias salariales por género en España

The expansion of services and the dissemination of information and communication technologies (ICTs) are identified as important factors for improving employment opportunities for women, reducing labour differences by gender. The objective of the study is to determine to what extent services, and especially those most closely linked with knowledge and ICTs such as knowledge-intensive services (KIS), are changing some of the basics of labour gender differences. To do this, first we measure and characterize employment related to the service sector and KIS, comparing the existing gender wage-gap in these activities with the one observed in the overall economy. Then we carry out an analysis of decomposition over these gaps (in term of total distribution of wages and by quantiles). Our results indicate that, although KIS improve the wage situation of women, they are unable substantially to reduce gender wage inequality in the Spanish labour market, perhaps because the same gendered structures of the workplace are replicated in the KIS activities.

Important transformations are taking place in the nature, characteristics and organisation of work. Part-time employment, temporary recruitment, self-employment, increasing participation of women and shifts in required skills are some dominant characteristics of changes observed in the advanced European countries. The aim of the article is to verify the hypothesis that the process of employment tertiarisation explains, to a significant extent, the shift to a more flexible labour market and the emergence of a new work model in Spain. The departing point and following sections seek to determine, first, the links between tertiarisation and changes in labour demand; second, sectoral differences in labour characteristics; and third, whether labour market dynamism and flexibility observed in Spain is related to tertiarisation. The main findings at the national level are also tested at the regional level to show some exciting differences.

Our article studies the evolution of social mobility in Spain and its relationship with profound political, social, and economic transformation. To that end, we investigate the transmission processes of labor occupations between parents and children, using microdata from a special module by the Spanish Living Condition Survey in 2011. In spite of the radical transformations that have taken place, the intensity of transmission has decreased only slightly, but some historical periods are more significant than others. Finally, the article concludes that intergenerational transmission processes present a clearly gender-biased tendency.