Objective: To determine which factors are highly associated with burden and depression in a group of caregivers of persons with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in Colombia, South America. Design: Prospective. Participants: Fifty-one pairs of individuals with TBI and their caregivers from two major cities in Colombia completed a comprehensive psychosocial evaluation that included information related to patient and caregiver sociodemographic factors, patient factors, and caregiver estimation of patient neurobehavioral functioning. Outcome measures: Caregiver burden (Zarit Burden Interview) and caregiver depression (PHQ-9). Results: Generalized linear models revealed that patient language problems and caregiver perception of patient functioning on six neurobehavioral domains were related to caregiver burden. Caregiver socioeconomic status and caregiver perception of patient functioning on six neurobehavioral domains were related to caregiver depression. These variables were then selected as candidates for the multiple regression models, which were fit separately for caregiver depression and burden, and revealed that caregivers' perception of patient depression was the only factor associated with both caregiver burden and depression. Conclusion: Caregivers' perception of patient depression was the single best predictor of both caregiver burden and depression. Implications for treatment based on these preliminary findings are discussed.

Previous studies have reported that the majority of women who suffer physical injuries related to intimate partner violence (IPV) have been injured in the head, neck, and/or face. No studies have provided detailed information on injuries suffered by Colombian abused women, and therefore the types of injuries, where on the body they have been inflicted and the associated symptoms experienced by women who are victims of IPV remain unknown in the Colombian context. This study aims to describe the patterns of injuries among female victims of IPV in Colombia, as well as the related demographic and nondemographic factors. We used reports gathered from the "Centro de Atención a Víctimas de la Fiscalía [Center for Victim Services at the District Attorney's Office]" in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia, between January 2016 and January 2017. We found that most cases involved injuries to the head and face. The implications of this type of injury were discussed.

The objective of this study was to determine the moderating effect of cognitive impairment (CI) on the usefulness of the generation effect to improve learning and memory in Hispanics with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Sixty-one Hispanic individuals with TBI (29 without CI, 22 with mild to moderate CI, and 10 with severe CI) and 44 healthy controls (HC) were required to remember the last word in each of 32 sentences. Target words were presented in a self-generated and provided condition. Recall and recognition were examined immediately, after 30 minutes, and at one week. Individuals remembered and recalled significantly more words in the generated condition than the provided condition, regardless of group or time. The self-generation technique equally benefitted all participants regardless of TBI status or degree of CI. Future cognitive rehabilitation programs designed to improve short-term recall and recognition in Hispanic individuals with TBI should include the self-generation technique. Further research into the longer-term effects of the generation effects is warranted.

More individuals are living with traumatic brain injury due to medical and technological advancements. Consequently, family researchers and clinicians will likely work with families facing this type of injury. It is important to examine how family members' perceptions of challenges associated with brain injury influence their outcomes and whether families experience difficulties when members have differing perceptions. Results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses showed that survivors' and caregivers' satisfaction with life was negatively influenced by their own, but not the other's, perceptions of survivor functioning. Survivors and caregivers with similar perceptions of survivor neurobehavioral functioning also reported greater satisfaction with life. Research and clinical implications are discussed.

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