Advances in medical and assistive technology have increased the likelihood of survival following a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Consequently, families frequently must provide care to individuals with TBI. Because they are rarely prepared for the associated demanding medical needs and financial burden, family caregivers are at risk for physical and emotional problems, which can negatively influence their individual and family functioning. Whereas scholars have examined the influence of survivor functioning on caregiver burden, few have explicitly recognized that caregiver burden also influences survivor functioning. Results of a multivariate linear regression suggest that, in a sample of 51 pairs of TBI survivors and their caregivers living in Colombia, survivors receiving care from a family member who reported a higher level of burden had poorer objective neuropsychological functioning than those receiving care from a family member who reported a lower level of burden, after controlling for survivor education and history of occupational therapy. Therefore, a family-focused approach might maximize intervention effectiveness, especially for Latin American and Hispanic families, which tend to be characterized by a strong sense of familism. The emphasis on family can create problems in a healthcare system that views the individual as the primary unit.
Alrededor del mundo existe una gran cantidad de niños con dificultades cognitivas producto de daño cerebral o trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Estas dificultades traen consigo dificultades de tipo escolar, social, familiar y conductual, entre otras, disminuyendo así la calidad de vida del niño y su familia. Consecuentemente han aumentado en la literatura los artículos que evalúan la utilidad de diferentes programas de rehabilitación neuropsicológica. El objetivo de esta revisión fue (1) determinar cuáles son las modalidades teóricas de rehabilitación neuropsicológica más utilizadas, (2) establecer si se reportan ganancias funcionales posteriores a cada intervención y, (3) establecer si durante la intervención se incluyó a los familiares. Los resultados mostraron que la principal modalidad de rehabilitación utilizada fue la restauración. Además, la mayoría de estudios no reportaban de manera clara ganancias funcionales ni incluían a la familia en el proceso terapéutico. Es necesario la realización de estudios que incluyan en su diseño diferentes modalidades de rehabilitación, apoyo familiar y evaluación de las ganancias funcionales.
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