We have studied the electrophysiological effects of glucose deprivation on morphologically identified striatal neurons recorded from a corticostriatal slice preparation. The large majority of the recorded cells were spiny neurons and responded to aglycemia with a slow membrane depolarization coupled with a reduction of the input resistance. In voltage-clamp experiments aglycemia caused an inward current. This current was associated with a conductance increase and reversed at Ϫ40 mV. The aglycemia-induced membrane depolarization was not affected by tetrodotoxin ( TTX ) or 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione plus aminophosphonovalerate, antagonists acting respectively on AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors. Also, the intracellular injection of bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,NЈ,NЈ-tetra-acetic acid, a calcium (Ca 2ϩ ) chelator, and low Ca 2ϩ /high Mg 2ϩ -containing solutions failed to reduce this phenomenon. Conversely, it was reduced by lowering external sodium (Na ϩ ) concentration.A minority of the recorded cells had the morphological characteristics of large aspiny interneurons and the electrophysiological properties of "long-lasting afterhyperpolarization (L A) cells." These cells responded to aglycemia with a membrane hyperpolarization/outward current that was coupled with an increased conductance. This current was not altered by TTX, blockers of ATP-dependent potassium (K ϩ ) channels, and adenosine A1 receptor antagonists, whereas it was reduced by solutions containing low Ca 2ϩ /high Mg 2ϩ . This current reversed at Ϫ105 mV and was blocked by barium, suggesting the involvement of a K ϩ conductance. We suggest that the opposite membrane responses of striatal neuronal subtypes to glucose deprivation might account for their differential neuronal vulnerability to aglycemia and ischemia.