Excepto que se establezca de otra forma, el contenido de esta revista cuenta con una licencia Creative Commons "reconocimiento, no comercial y sin obras derivadas" Colombia 2.5, que puede consultarse en: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co ResumenEl objetivo de este estudio fue asociar factores psicológicos y relacionales vinculados a episodios de embriaguez en 1134 adolescentes escolares de Guadalajara, México. Se evaluaron diez factores psicológicos y relacionales. La variable de desenlace fue episodios de embriaguez durante el último mes. Se encontró una prevalencia de embriaguez de 26.5% con mayor consumo en hombres. Después del análisis de regresión logística los factores asociados a embriaguez fueron tabaquismo, alta autoestima, alta impulsividad, bajo locus de control interno, la presencia de estrés cotidiano y relación distante con el padre. La investigación concluye que los factores psicológicos y relacionales asociados a episodios de embriaguez hicieron referencia a un perfil de omnipotencia altamente influenciable, y al desapego emocional, por lo que el consumo excesivo de alcohol parece perfilarse como una estrategia de seguridad.Palabras clave: adolescencia, consumo de alcohol en adolescentes, factores de riesgo. Psychological and Related Factors Associated with Drunkenness Episodes in Adolescent Students in Guadalajara, Mexico AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify psychological and related factors linked with drunkenness episodes in 1134 adolescent students in Guadalajara, Mexico. The study evaluated ten psychological and related factors. The outcome variable was the number of episodes of drunkenness in the last month. We found 26.5% more episodes of drunkenness in men.A logistic regression analysis indicated that factors associated with drunkenness were smoking, high self-esteem, high impulsiveness, low self-control, presence of daily stress and distant relationship with father. The study concluded that the psychological and related factors associated with drunkenness episodes were related to a highly impressionable omnipotence profile and emotional indifference, with excessive consumption of alcohol as a safety strategy.
<p>El abordaje multidisciplinario del género se ha estancado por la falta de precisión y claridad conceptual, incluyendo lo que desde una perspectiva ryleana se conoce como errores categoriales entre algunos conceptos disciplinares que intentan dar cuenta del fenómenos, es decir, se toman categorías que corresponden a un determinado ámbito de acción (i.e., psicológico) y se pretende extrapolar a otro (i.e., sociología). Se plantea la pertinencia de delimitar claramente las distintas aristas del estudio del género. Desde la psicología interconductual, se enfatiza el ajuste individual a las convenciones de género, sugiriendo que el análisis de los segmentos de interacción, entre género y conductas de riesgo para la salud, implica la identificación de sus elementos constituyentes y las relaciones situacionales concretas que demarcan un determinado segmento de análisis: macrocontingencias (i.e., convenciones, valores, creencias); y microcontingencias (i.e., situación específica, personas, factores disposicionales). Se concluye que la implementación del análisis aquí propuesto, puede facilitar, tanto en la detección de conductas de riesgo, como en la articulación de estrategias efectivas para su prevención.</p>
Introduction: Models of nicotine dependence indicate the influence of impulsivity and affectivity in smoking behaviors. However, it is necessary that studies with higher ecological validity are carried out in order to elucidate how impulsivity and affectivity articulate to provoke tobacco craving. Objective: To evaluate the interaction effects of response inhibition and affectivity in tobacco craving. Method: The study was carried out with 90 smokers, who were divided into two groups, according to their performance on a parametric Go/No-Go task (higher and lower level of response inhibition). Cue-elicited craving was measured by physiologic responses and self-report, before and after a pleasant or unpleasant affectivity manipulation. Results: Moderation analysis suggests that response inhibition and unpleasant affect have combined effects in self-report and skin conductance related to tobacco craving. Response inhibition levels seem to increase tobacco craving, but they are independent of pleasant affect. Discussion and conclusions: Affectivity is a fundamental factor in comprehending the relationship between response inhibition and craving for tobacco. The unpleasant affect is one of the triggers for the desire to smoke, especially for those more impulsive individuals, which have an exaggerated perception of tobacco effect in alleviating unpleasant experiences. It is essential to train techniques to control negative affect stimuli, especially in those individuals with less capacity to inhibit responses.
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