Real-time drilling data is an essential tool to increase performance and operational safety, especially when operating in challenging environments. In this scenario, it is highly attractive to use new tools that can anticipate possible risks to the operation, aiding in decision making in order to guarantee operational efficiency and safety. The present work aims to present the new technologies developed in a real-time monitoring software (GANDELMAN ET AL., 2013), which automatic diagnosis drilling problem, from the calculations of loads alongthe drill string and the contact of the column with the borehole wall. Torque and drag models are used to support well planning. The aim is to ensure the feasibility of theoperation and to assist in the prediction and prevention of operational problems during drilling. Directional wells require even more attention, since, as their inclination increases, additional forces are observed due to the enhanced contact of the drill string with the borehole wall. Since these forces are cumulative, the deeper the well, the larger will be the contact forces and, consequently, the torque and drag values. A comprehensive torque and drag model was implemented to estimate the wear level on the casing, in real-time, due its contact with the drillstring. The purpose of this development is to automatically warn when the calculated wear approaches the expected and / or permitted wear. Still using the T&D model implemented in the real-time monitoring software (GANDELMAN ET AL., 2013), a module was developed for a more accurate detection of the tubular element that is passing through each of the BOP (blowout preventer) rams when drilling from floating vessels. The main objective of this new technology is to assist the operation in a possible emergency disconnection. The main focus would be to precisely define the moment to actuate a RAM, minimizing the risk of reaching a non-shearable component of the drillstring. Therefore, a logic of tracking each element of the column in front of the BOP rams was created, which takes into account the effect of axial elongation due to real-time tension and compression.

A two-way coupling methodology between two commercial reservoir simulators and external libraries to simulate complex phenomena occurring in the reservoir during the recovery process is proposed herein. Such methodology was implemented by using two approaches: the first one employs dynamic library loading at runtime; and the second, communication performed via file. These two-way coupling mechanisms allow third party software developers to extend the capability of a commercial simulator. A formulation applied to model Aquathermolysis reactions in a steam flood reservoir model was implemented with this two-way coupling method. This method can be used to model other phenomena, such as in-situ combustion and acidification, among others. The two-way coupling Application Programming Interface (API) provides the reservoir grid cell properties such as pressure, temperature, saturation, composition, pore volume and source terms to the external modules. The external module reads some properties (e.g. temperature and compositions) from the reservoir simulator to compute the reaction terms providing a source term to the reservoir simulator. The frequency of the reaction source term update can be specified at runtime, and it can be for only Newton iteration 0 (explicit) or all Newton iterations (operator splitting sequential implicit). Moreover, the reaction rate constant is modeled as a function of temperature using the Arrhenius equation or a lookup table. The coupling has been tested with commercial reservoir simulators herein designated as A and B. To prove the capability to couple reservoir simulators to an external module, the methodology presented considers both two-way coupling runtime library loading (Simulator A) and two-way coupling file-based (Simulator B) approaches, at time-step (Simulator B) and Newton iteration (Simulator A) levels. Results were evaluated using synthetic cases comparing the coupled solution with a numerical solution obtained by modeling the reactions in Simulator C (a reservoir simulator capable to model the same reactions implemented in the proposed two-way coupling). Results of a field case available in the literature were also evaluated. The great match obtained for the synthetic cases and, together with a good agreement with the field case, proved the capability of the proposed coupling. The simulation time between a coupled solution and a traditional solution without the reactions was compared for both methods and the file-based approach was shown to have a significant impact on simulation time; while using an API showed no significant simulation time increase for the tested cases. The novelty of the proposed coupling is the capability of modeling complex reservoir phenomena using external modules, which is usually not the focus of reservoir simulators. Although the methodology has thus far only been applied to the Aquathermolysis phenomena, it can easily be extended to solve other EOR problems.

To mitigate risks and improve performance during the drilling of an oil well and its various hole sections, it is recommended that its operational parameters and trajectory be monitored in real-time. This activity is crucial to avoid several problems during drilling campaigns, especially if the drilling specialist can have all the data and some level of automatic interpretation on hand, so quick decisions can be made. However, most current monitoring software do not have an interactive or immersive visualization of this data, only track plots with multiple curves. To improve specialist experience, a 3D visualization system has been developed to unify both the drilling monitoring and analysis process of charts, drilling trajectory, lithology, and seismic data. The Divisor system consists of a cloud platform that unifies and processes data from different sources and a digital 3D visualization application. Its visualization module can be used in two forms: a traditional desktop interface enhanced with 3D visualizations and an immersive mode using a Virtual Reality (VR) headset. Both allow the operator to view real-time or historical data in multiple ways, perform assessments and simulations. Additionally, in VR mode, it is possible to navigate through a full-scale virtual environment, interact with the drill hole tridimensional visualization, and freely position charts with the essential variables to be monitored. This allows for better data manipulation granting better insights related to the numerous data captured, improving the decision-making process and enhancing the interaction in troubleshooting activities. The visualization application connects to a database that contains both static/design information and real time data, enabling a deeper analysis of all data together and the execution of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to generate new information and predictions according to the collected data. With both tools working in synchronization, it is possible to insert data from reports, convert them to a readable standard format, and generate visualizations customized by the user. The streamlining of consumption, analysis, and understanding of data allows for savings through the reduction in the numbers of software used as well as the time required for their implementation. The system can also be used as a training environment using historical data to operators in order to check their capacity of response in different scenarios, as well as guarantee the consistency of the operational activities. As future work, this tool will be extended with more views in VR and desktop modes, including new data generated by AI and comparison of design data (real and simulated), as well as an integration with a Digital Twin platform.