Ecosystem services make human life possible by providing benefits associated with recreation, education, inspiration, and spirituality. Assessing the perception on the provision of cultural services helps in understanding the value of landscapes and improving their management. However, there are few studies on the relationship between the landscapes and the sociocultural values that people are getting from them. The present analysis was carried out using a comparative approach to estimate the frequency of use and the perceived capacity of the flow of cultural services in the view of local communities and tourists of the Chimborazo Wildlife Production Reserve, Ecuador. Based on 356 valid questionnaires for locals and 250 questionnaires for tourists, 208 of which were applied to nationals and 42 to foreigners, the results indicate that respondents tend to use and place value on cultural services provided by Chimborazo Mountain. The frequency of use seems to be related to proximity and local beliefs in the case of locals, and to the knowledge of tourism activities in the case of tourists. Out of the 10 selected tourist attractions, Chimborazo volcano with the surrounding patches of natural forest was perceived to hold the capacity to ensure the flow of cultural services for both locals and tourists. Factors that modified the perception were found to be quite heterogeneous in the cohorts taken into study. The results found could sustain the management and responsible use of the local ecosystems.

Challenges that characterize the relations between humans and environment can be addressed using the concepts and methods of ecosystem services assessment to provide a proper basis for environmental accountability and policy development. While the provisioning ecosystem services received a lot of focus in the science, and based on different cultural values that may be associated to different regions, there are still gaps in understanding how local communities use the ecosystems' cultural services. This study quantified the frequency of use and the perceived capacity to provide cultural services in the view of communities located in the Chimborazo Wildlife Production Reserve (CR), Ecuador, by a questionnaire survey. Based on 356 valid questionnaires and a response rate of 78%, the findings indicate that locals tend to use and place value on cultural services provided by iconic mountains such as Chimborazo. In particular, the locals use cultural services that are associated with recreation (observation of flora and fauna, hiking, rest and relaxation, entertainment and landscaping), while the frequency of use seems to be related to proximity and local believes. In the case of perceived capacity, the things were similar, with high ratings given to closest landscapes and touristic attractions, and in particular to the Chimborazo Mountain. Locals tend to perceive differently the capacity of landscapes to provide cultural services based on gender, occupation and level of income. Implications for local environmental management are not serious since the management scope of the CR is not divergent compared to the locals' use of cultural services.