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Polymer blend is the name for the physical mixture of two or more polymers and/or copolymers, and this allows the obtention of new materials with superior properties to those of the pure components. The blends have been used in obtaining membranes in order to improve the barrier properties so that it can separate two phases totally or partially, restricting the transport of one or more chemical species. In this work, polymer membranes were obtained from blends of PA6/PPgAA and PA6/PP/PPgAA by phase inversion method and were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed through the diffractograms that there were no significant variations in the characteristic peaks of PA6, and through SEM, it was observed the formation of microporous asymmetric membranes, where they showed a surface with higher porosity to the binary and ternary blends and presented smallest pore diameter for binary blends.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the functionalization of the PVC/CARBOBATE polymer system with the addition of SBR and the Polyvinyl chloride-PVC system and CaCO3 carbonate through the incorporation prepared in a torque rheometer. Variations in SBR concentrations in the Poly (vinyl chloride) (C2H3Cl) and CaC03 system under processing conditions to obtain a balance of the mixture in a controlled environment of temperature, time and torque. The mixtures made were characterized and analyzed in terms of their physical and mechanical properties in terms of traction, hardness and fluidity. By FTIR, it was observed that there were no changes in the bands due to the presence of SBR-R in the increase of its percentage of SBR in the PVC/CARBONATE system. The results showed that the addition of rubber residue to the PVC/CARBONATE system causes variations in the mechanical properties of traction and hardness, justifying the reduction of mechanical strength in the addition of rubber to the formulations. XRD reveals the different behavior of the curves, predominantly with low crystallinity in the presence of rubber residue. The behavior of TGA in mass loss in a temperature-controlled atmosphere changes in the flow behavior, presenting lower MFI, leaving the material more viscous and with lower flow in relation to the expected behavior in the injection process. Although the proportions caused changes in the mechanical properties, the results were significantly satisfactory, considering that the composition for the purpose of the study obtained good results. Allowing up to the proportions of 25 and 50% to be applied and alternatives for the development of products with rubber residues according to the desired properties.

RESUMO Avaliou-se a funcionalização do sistema polimérico PVC/Carbonato diante da incorporação de resíduos de borracha SBR-r. As amostras foram preparadas em um misturador interno do tipo Haake e avaliado o torque aos serem incorporados os resíduos no sistema polimérico. Nas diversas concentrações de SBR-r estudadas e considerando as condições de equilíbrio durante o processamento, as misturas foram caracterizadas através de ensaios físico-químicos e mecânicos. Nos espectros de FTIR, pode se observar que a incorporação do resíduo, mesmo nas maiores concentrações, não alterou as bandas características do PVC/CaCO3 o que pode indicar que houve apenas interação física no sistema. A resistência mecânica foi reduzida com o aumento no percentual de incorporação do resíduo de borracha ao sistema PVC/CaCO3, e observou-se uma discreta elevação na dureza do compósito. Com o aumento das incorporações verificou-se uma redução na cristalinidade dos sistemas. Os sistemas apresentaram comportamento térmicos semelhantes, com três etapas de decomposição. Tendo o sistema PVC SBR-r-25 Ca-75 apresentado maior estabilidade térmica (178 ºC). O aumento do percentual de incoporação do SBR-r ao PVCCa, provocou uma leve diminuição das temperaturas TD10% e TD50%, no entanto, para o TD90% essa redução foi mais efetiva. Os resultados obtidos na fluidez dos sistemas, foi de 93% de eficácia do índice de escoamento, em comparação ao esperado do PVCCa100. Embora o aumento da incorporação dos resíduos de borracha tenha indicado mudanças fisicos-químicas e mecânicas das caracterizações, os resultados de uma forma geral foram bastante significativos, possibilitando neste presente trabalho uma alternativa para aplicação em escala industrial dos sistemas PVC SBR-r-25 Ca-75 e PVC SBR-r-50 Ca-50.