In this article we report on the theoretical and methodological approach of a recent research project on the social and cultural representations that affect teachers in the teaching and practice guiding function[1], as well as previous studies whose results that we have supported to advance our hypotheses. Our approach starts from the consideration that social transformations and their influence on the school favor an uncertain environment for teachers, that key social representations guide teachers’ performance in relation to the students, and that schools exercise some degree of determination over the educational guidance that teachers provide. This essay aims to analyze the guidance deployed and practiced by teachers from a sociological perspective, identifying possible approaches and models to explain educational guidance as a socially-constructed phenomenon. [1] This is an R + D + I, Socioeconomic and Educational and Vocational Guidance Teacher of Secondary, approved by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain), for implementation during the 2014-2017 period, with reference CSO2013-47168-R, under the direction of principal researcher Sonsoles San Roman Gago (Autonomous University of Madrid).
Resumen: Los cambios económicos, sociológicos, culturales y tecnológicos que se han sucedido en estas últimas décadas en la sociedad española, llevan incorporados también cambios en el quehacer educativo. Los centros de enseñanza son el reflejo de una sociedad cada vez más global, multicultural y a la que se le exigen nuevas funciones sociales; una situación que incide en el trabajo del profesorado. El profesorado se encuentra desbordado, fruto de la incertidumbre generada por el cambio social, y busca entre sus funciones los roles que le definan y sitúen en el nuevo contexto, en parte frustrado por la existencia de otros canales socializadores y transmisores de contenidos. Esto nos conduce a considerar las representaciones del profesorado como un factor clave a la hora de tratar la influencia en el desarrollo de su práctica educativa y la relación que establece con el resto de la comunidad escolar, en particular con la familia. El profesorado concibe sociedad y familia como dos entes inherentes a la comunidad educativa, pero sostiene determinadas representaciones sociales sobre ambos agentes que limitan su relación, sintiéndose utilizado y poco valorado.
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