INTRODUCCIÓNEl síndrome de embolismo de colesterol se produce por la liberación de cristales de colesterol de placas ateroscleróticas ulceradas de grandes arterias. Puede afectar múltiples órganos simulando enfermedades sistémicas como las vasculítis, y debe ser incluido en el diagnóstico diferencial de los síndro-mes neumo-renales.El diagnóstico de embolismo de colesterol debería contemplarse en pacientes de edad, con enfermedad ateroscleróti-ca previa, que desarrollan fallo renal o deterioro de una insuficiencia renal previa, y en los que aparecen hallazgos clínicos sugestivos de embolismos de colesterol periféricos, asociado a factores precipitantes, sin necesidad de demostración histológica.Este síndrome se ha asociado tradicionalmente a una alta morbi-mortalidad, aunque en recientes series se sugiere que un manejo agresivo con medidas de soporte, evitando factores precipitantes y el uso de corticoides a bajas dosis pueden proporcionar una mejoría en su pronóstico.31 [0212-7199 (2004)
RESUMENEl síndrome de embolismo de colesterol se produce por la liberación de cristales de colesterol de placas ateroscleróticas ulceradas de grandes arterias. Puede afectar múltiples órganos simulando enfermedades sisté-micas como las vasculítis, y debe ser incluido en el diagnóstico diferencial de los síndromes neumo-renales.El diagnóstico de embolismo de colesterol debería contemplarse en pacientes de edad, con enfermedad aterosclerótica previa, que desarrollan fallo renal o deterioro de una insuficiencia renal previa, y en los que aparecen hallazgos clínicos sugestivos de embolismos de colesterol periféricos, asociado a factores precipitantes, sin necesidad de demostración histológica.Este síndrome se ha asociado tradicionalmente a una alta morbi-mortalidad, aunque en recientes series se sugiere que un manejo agresivo con medidas de soporte, evitando factores precipitantes y el uso de corticoides a bajas dosis pueden proporcionar una mejoría en su pronóstico.PALABRAS CLAVE: Embolización de cristales de colesterol. Atheroembolic disease.
ABSTRACT
BackgroundThe use of dexmedetomidine (dex) in Spanish intensive care units (ICU) patients is still unusual.PurposeTo describe the use of dex as a sedative agent and asses the adherence to the 2013-SEMICYUC guideline recommendations, in a 20-bed Spanish ICU.Material and methodsRetrospective six-month study (10/13–03/14) of patients treated with dex for sedation. The variables analysed were: indication for and duration of dex use, starting-maximum-maintenance doses, time to reach maintenance dose, co-administration of other sedatives, proportion of time in target sedation range (defined as a RASS score between −3 and 0) before and after dex initiation, duration of mechanical ventilation, % of patients with adverse events (AE) and causes of dex discontinuation.Results14 patients were included. Dex indications were: to facilitate weaning (8; 57%), patient-ventilator synchrony (5; 36%), or to reduce other sedatives (1; 7%). The mean length of the treatment was 4.1 days (0.2–14.5). The mean starting/maximum/maintenance doses were 0.36 ± 0.15/0.91 ± 0.34/0.87 ± 0.33 µg/kg/h. The starting dose was 51% lower than the recommended (0.7 µg/kg/h) and it took over 53 h (3–192) to reach the maintenance dose. All patients received other sedatives prior to dex, and in 6 (43%) those sedatives could be discontinued. No patients were in the target sedation range >50% of the time prior to dex, 8 (57%) reached this status after dex. The mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 17.1 ± 13 days. All patients suffered several AE (28 AE recorded). Hypotension (8; 57%) and bradycardia (6; 43%) were the most common. The causes of dex discontinuation were extubation (8; 57%), death (2; 14%), lack of efficacy (2; 14%) and AE (2; 14%, extreme bradycardia).ConclusionAll the dex indications met the SEMICYUC guidelines. It seems to be useful to reach the sedation range and facilitate successful weaning. The high rate of predictable AE and the need for dosage optimisation make dex a target drug for pharmaceutical monitoring.References and/or AcknowledgementsNo conflict of interest.
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