E-commerce is one of the industrial sectors created as a result of technological progress, and has created new jobs for the economy. However, this sector is conditioned not only by the level of digitalization of each state, but also by the speed of integration of technology in the business environment. The main purpose of the article is to present the impact of e-Commerce development on the labor market. It also considers impact on the labor market of human capital with advanced technological skills. It focuses on data from a particular period situated between two major crises (the economic crisis of 2008 and the health crisis of 2020). We want to know to what extent a technology-created sector can compensate for technological unemployment. To test the working hypothesis, we developed a panel regression model for a sample of 28 European states. The results indicate that 99.5% of the variation in the labor market activity rate of people aged 15 to 64 years in the selected sample of states is explained by the model. This confirms that the development of e-Commerce and an increase in the percentage of technology-specialized human resources contribute to the increase in activity rate in the labor market. As a result, the labor market must be assisted in keeping up with technology by restructuring the education system, or introducing courses that maintain competitiveness and continuous development.

In the case study we aim to analyse the long-term distribution of vacancies on the Romanian labour market. This approach allows us to identify one of the long-term consequences of the digitalization of the economy, namely polarization. Polarization can be viewed from several perspectives, but here we are only referring to the polarization of the job supply. The phenomenon implies a significant reduction in interest in mid-level jobs. Thus, to identify the probability that this phenomenon will already manifest itself in Romania, we carried out an analysis with the help of Markov chains. In this way we will identify the occupations that could be the most numerous in the long run in Romania. Even if Romania does not indicate an obvious polarization of the labour market, in the long run, clues in this regard can be identified. There is a system of vocational training at national level, but it does not cover the prospects of the labour market.

With the advent of new technology, the labor market has undergone many changes. These changes were perceived differently by people and may even be rejected. The fear that technology will replace human labor has persisted in people's identities since the beginning of the third millennium. Researchers are of different opinions. Some believe that technology will harm social welfare, while others argue that technology only helps to advance society. We accept on the one hand that technology can take over some workloads, but we also accept that technology creates new jobs. We also propose another perspective on this ideological conflict. We support the idea of reconfiguring jobs by optimizing tasks. We want to highlight the power that skills have in the hiring decision and what these skills are much desired by employers. The novelty comes from the way we work with new unstructured data sources to extract new insights. For this, we used the indicators "Skills needs" and "Skill penetration rate". These indicators were calculated by the World Bank in partnership with LinkedIn, based on the TD-IDF text mining methodology. To capture changes over time we used relative (chronological) dynamics indices, and to capture differences between skill categories we applied ANOVA analysis. Thus, we showed how the main industries have changed their preferences in terms of the skills that candidates have. We also highlighted how the importance for soft skills, technological skills and disruptive technological skills has increased. Finally, we presented the growing speed of demand for people with skills for new technologies (artificial intelligence, data science, human computer interaction).

The Digital Economy and Society Index can be considered a complex indicator that measures the digital performance of the European Union. This indicator has undergone some methodological changes, precisely to be permanently aligned with the European Union’s development strategies but especially with technological development. The aim of the paper is to highlight the impact of the standard of living and its components on digital performance at the level of the European Union. Moreover, the paper will analyse the current state of digital performance at the level of the European Union. The results can serve as a policymaking tool to facilitate the implementation of the digitalisation project at the European level. In this article, hierarchical clustering was used to define groups of countries from the perspective of digitalisation. Ward’s algorithm determined four homogeneous clusters that were presented in the analysis. This approach serves as a hypothesis to test the correlation between digital performance and living standards. Thus, with the help of the linear correlation coefficient, a strong positive relationship was identified between the Human Development Index and the Digital Economy and Society Index. Moreover, at the level of the Human Development Index components, it was identified that individual well-being and education correlate linearly with the Digital Economy and Society Index; therefore, the analysis was completed with a multiple regression to verify this dependence. The last part of the case study is represented by the classic linear regression model, which confirms the hypothesis that living standards influence digital performance.