Evolution of hernia surgery has led to polymeric biomaterials for replacement or reinforcement of the abdominal wall. Their selection, according to the structure and porosity of the material, is directly dependent on the surgical procedure used and interaction between material and abdominal viscera. The objective of the paper is to establish a protocol for the selection of hernia mesh fixation materials based on polymer structure related to the surgical procedure used. The biomaterials that promote infection should be avoided and those that do not provide a long-term mesh placement should be used in combination with other devices to compensate for this fault. In conclusion, is much better to adapt the fixation biomaterials used in clinical practice to the specific surgical procedure, given the physical and chemical characteristics of these polymers, in order to reduce the morbidity associated with this type of surgery.

Haemobilia is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding that consists of haemorrhage within the biliary tree. Most cases of haemobilia are due to iatrogenic cause, laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy, abdominal trauma, gallstones, hepatic tumours, vascular aneurism. We present the case of a male patient admitted in the surgery department for epigastric and right hypochondria pain, nausea and vomiting. Open cholecystectomy was performed with a trans-cystic tube drainage. Postoperative outcome was favourable but with a continuous decrease in haemoglobin level. In the 13th day postoperatively biliary drainage was 800 ml - haemobilia. Patient health status altered and melena and hematemesis occurred. Endoscopy, cholangiography and abdominal computer tomography (CT) were performed. The episode repeated in day 27 after initial surgery. Duodenotomy and exploration of the biliary tree was performed. Angiography was performed next day that revealed biliary-arterial fistula within segment IV of the liver followed by embolization. Haemobilia reoccurred fifteen days later and colonoscopy and angiography were performed. Embolization with metallic coils was performed. Patient outcome was favourable and was discharged 13 days after second embolization. Interventional angiography remains the first treatment option of haemobilia. Selective arterial ligation or hepatectomy remain the options in case of lack of angiography or insufficient results after embolization.

Broad introduction and development of polymeric materials in abdominal hernia surgery led to the emergence and identification of secondary complications due to interaction between prosthetic material and human tissue. Whether identification of these reactions has led to the placement instructions of the prostheses into the wall structures of adbomen, there is no clear rule on fixation materials of these prosthesis; they generally follow the recommendations of the prosthesis materials.There are some situations in which the faulty choice of fixing materials can compromise such surgery, followed by chronic septic complications and negative effect on quality of life of these patients and increased risk of recurrence.The choice of fixing materials considering the structural characteristics of polymeric threads can prevent chronic suppuration secondary to this type of surgery.