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Child malnutrition, including wasting, underweight and stunting, is associated with infections, poor nutrient intake, and environmental and sociodemographic factors. Preschool-age children are especially vulnerable due to their high growth requirements. To target interventions for preschoolage children in a community of extreme poverty in Peru, we conducted a household survey between October 2005 and January 2006 to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and its risk factors. Of 252 children , 5 years old, the prevalence of wasting, underweight and stunting was 26·6, 28·6 and 32·1 %, respectively, based on the new WHO Child Growth Standards. Risk factors for wasting were: (1) moderate -high intensity Trichuris infection (OR 2·50; 95 % CI 1·06, 5·93); (2) hookworm infection (OR 6·67; 95 % CI 1·08, 41·05); (3) age (OR 6-month 1·27; 95 % CI 1·11, 1·46); (4) maternal education (secondary incomplete) (OR 5·77; 95 % CI 2·38, 13·99); and (5) decreasing maternal BMI (OR 1 kg/m 2 1·12; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·23). Risk factors for underweight were: (1) moderate -high intensity Trichuris infection (OR 4·74; 95 % CI 1·99, 11·32); (2) age (OR 6-month 1·22; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·38); (3) maternal education (secondary incomplete) (OR 2·92; 95 % CI 1·40, 6·12); and (4) decreasing maternal BMI (OR 1 kg/ m 2 1·11; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·21). Risk factors for stunting were: (1) age (OR 6-month 1·14; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·27) and (2) decreasing maternal height (OR 1 cm 1·12; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·20). Overall, risk factors for malnutrition included both child and maternal determinants. Based on these data, locally appropriate and cost-effective dietary, de-worming and educational programmes should be targeted to mothers and preschool-age children.Malnutrition: Preschool-age children: Survey: Peru Child malnutrition is a serious concern in developing countries due to the high mortality and morbidity with which it is associated. Preschool-age children under the age of 5 are particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of malnutrition as they are in a vulnerable growth period with high growth requirements 1 . It is estimated that 54 % of deaths in children under 5 are associated with malnutrition 2 , and that approximately 5 million children die each year due to causes that are directly or indirectly related to malnutrition 3 . Morbidity related to malnutrition can occur in infancy and childhood, as well as in adulthood, and includes adverse effects on health, cognition and behaviour 4 -7 .Indicators of malnutrition include wasting, stunting and underweight, which represent different aspects or measurements of malnutrition 8 . Wasting as measured by low weightfor-height represents lower than expected body mass (tissue or fat) and is a good indicator of existing nutritional deficits. Stunting, or low height-for-age is an indicator of a reduced linear growth rate and represents a chronic state of malnutrition as it takes longer for impaired skeletal growth to become apparent. Underweight, which is measured by low weight-for-age, represents a combination of both ...

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Introducción: la nutrición parenteral (NP) en la infancia es un tratamiento cuyas características son muy variables en función de la edad y la patología que presente el paciente.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the attitude of a group of cardiologists on the ethical conducts they would accept or adopt when encountered with different hypothetical situations of medical practice. Between August and September of 2011, 700 Argentine cardiologists were surveyed in situations which posed ethical dilemmas in the patient-physician relationship, among colleagues or involving financial agreements with employers or the pharmaceutical industry. Ethical conflicts were evidenced in a series of inappropriate conducts such as differential fees, trips and meals sponsored by laboratories, splitting fees, overbilling, self-referral, charging for patient referral, financial compensation for ordering medical procedures, and various situations derived from the relationship with employers. In general, financial compensation from the pharmaceutical industry was more accepted than the conflictive situations which directly involved patients, colleagues or employers. The rejection of these conducts, the physicians' deontological education and the improvement of financial and organizational conditions in medical practice will help to encourage better medical professionalism and avoid unseemly behaviors.