IntroduçãoOs avanços técnicos e científicos obtidos nas últimas décadas, particularmente com o desenvolvimento da biologia molecular, permitiram maior conhecimento do metabolismo normal do ferro, dos principais fatores relacionados à sua regulação bem como dos distúrbios que podem resultar em deficiência ou sobrecarga de ferro. 1-4Até a década de 90, hemocromatose hereditária (HH) era considerada doença rara, acometendo predominantemente indivíduos do sexo masculino, cujo diagnóstico era realizado, na maioria das vezes, em doentes internados ou por autópsia. 5A partir de 1996, a identificação do gene HFE e de suas mutações possibilitaram o diagnóstico precoce da HH, que passou a ser considerada uma das doenças genéticas mais freqüentes do ser humano, sobretudo em indivíduos caucasianos do nordeste Europeu. 2,[4][5][6][7] A constatação de que a pronta instituição do tratamento é capaz de prevenir o aparecimento de complicações orgâ-nicas graves e, até mesmo, reverter possíveis lesões orgâni-cas funcionais já estabelecidas, proporcionando melhor qualidade de vida e maior sobrevida ao doente, colocou em evidência a importância de estudos populacionais com o objetivo de identificar os doentes portadores de HH o mais precocemente possível. [8][9][10][11]
The number of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplants performed globally each year continues to increase. Advances in HLA typing, better supportive care, and administration of reduced-intensity conditioning regimens allow treatment of older patients with older sibling donors. Pretransplant donor assessment and testing are very important processes affecting the quality and safety of donation. For unrelated HSC donors detailed recommendations for health assessment have been published, allowing donation only if they are unrestrictedly healthy. Eligibility criteria for related donors are less strict and vary significantly between centers. In situations where a family donor does not meet the suitability criteria for unrelated donors, involved physicians often struggle with the decision whether the matched relative is suitable for donation or not. On behalf of the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Standing Committee on Donor Issues, we intended to develop a consensus document with recommendations for donor workup and final clearance of family donors who would not be able to serve as unrelated donors because of their age or pre-existing diseases. This article covers different topics intending to support decision-making, with the goal of minimizing medical risk to the donor and protection of the recipient from transmissible diseases.
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Hemochromatosis is a common inherited disorder of iron metabolism and one of the most important causes of iron overload. The objective was to analyze the presence of C282Y, H63D and S65C mutations in the HFE gene and HLA-A alleles for a group of Brazilian patients with iron overload, and to correlate genotype with clinical and laboratory variables. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study, in Discipline of Hematology and Oncology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo. METHODS: We studied 35 patients with iron overload seen at our outpatient unit between January 2001 and December 2003. Fasting levels of serum iron and ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity, were assayed using standard techniques. Determinations of C282Y, H63D and S65C mutations in the HFE gene and of HLA-A alleles were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Twenty-six out of 35 patients (74%) presented at least one of the HFE gene mutations analyzed. Among these, five (14%) were C282Y/C282Y, four (11%) C282Y/H63D, one (3%) H63D/H63D, six (17%) C282Y/WT and ten (29%) H63D/WT. No patients had the S65C mutation and nine (25%) did not present any of the three HFE mutations. Four out of five patients with C282Y/C282Y genotype (80%) and three out of four patients with C282Y/H63D genotype (75%) were HLA A*03. CONCLUSION: Analysis of HFE gene mutations constitutes an important procedure in identifying patients with hereditary hemochromatosis, particularly for patients with iron overload.
CONTEXT: DRESS syndrome (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) is a type of drug reaction commonly mistaken for a viral infection. It must be recognized promptly due to its high morbidity and 10% mortality rate. Few cases of DRESS syndrome induced by sulfasalazine have been reported in the literature. CASE REPORT: The case of a 47-year-old white Brazilian woman who developed DRESS syndrome eight weeks after starting a course of sulfasalazine for treatment of seronegative arthritis is reported. She presented a skin rash, fever, hepatitis, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia and atypical lymphocytes. The causative drug was discontinued immediately, but she only improved after treatment with prednisone.
OBJETIVOS: Estimar a prevalência da infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori (HP) e determinar os fatores associados, em adultos saudáveis, doadores voluntários de medula óssea em São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: 248 indivíduos saudáveis, residentes na zona urbana de São Paulo, responderam a um questionário relatando condições sociais e domiciliares na infância e na vida adulta, assim como antecedentes gastrintestinais e principais fatores associados à infecção. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas e o soro foi analisado utilizando um teste de ELISA previamente validado. RESULTADOS: A prevalência da infecção pelo HP em 248 doadores foi de 48,8%, IC95%= [45,6; 52,0]. Na análise univariada, a infecção pelo HP esteve significativamente associada à ausência de água encanada (p=0,040), a escolaridade da mãe (p=0,005) e do indivíduo (p<0,001). Na análise múltipla, os fatores independentes foram a escolaridade da mãe e do indivíduo. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de infecção de 48,8% mostra que na região urbana de São Paulo, onde há água tratada e esgoto encanado, temos uma prevalência semelhante à encontrada em países industrializados. O fator de maior significância para a aquisição do HP foi a escolaridade, seja individual ou materna, o que sugere que os hábitos higiênicos e comportamentais possam ser determinantes da infecção.
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