No abstract

Las parasitosis intestinales de perros revisten riesgo de zoonosis, particularmente en áreas agrícolas, produciendo en humanos cuadros a nivel gastrointestinal, cutáneo, visceral, ocular o neurológico, pudiendo algunos ser letales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la frecuencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en los perros de la comuna de Cabrero, Región del Biobío, Chile, con mayor enfoque en aquéllos zoonóticos, y analizar las conductas de tenencia asociadas con su riesgo de transmisión a humanos. Se visitaron 93 viviendas, sus jefes de hogar fueron encuestados y las heces de sus perros fueron analizadas en busca de parásitos. Se evaluaron diferencias en las variables consultadas entre áreas rurales y urbanas con pruebas de Fisher y Mann-Whitney. Se evaluó la asociación entre conductas preventivas (vacunación, desparasitación, alimentación, atención veterinaria), y presencia de parásitos en heces utilizando regresiones logísticas. Se registró en promedio 1,28 perros por vivienda. Las conductas asociadas con tenencia responsable fueron menos frecuentes en áreas rurales que urbanas. En el 58,1% de las viviendas los perros recibieron desparasitación interna; las otras conductas preventivas fueron menos frecuentes. El 51,6% de las viviendas presentaron perros parasitados; seis taxa fueron identificadas: Isospora sp., Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara canis, Ancylostomatidae Gen. sp. y Taeniidae Gen. sp. La desparasitación interna de perros fue la única conducta asociada con la presencia de parásitos. Sólo Isospora sp. no reviste riesgo de zoonosis. Existe riesgo de infección por helmintos zoonóticos del perro en los habitantes de Cabrero.

Echinococcosis is a neglected zoonosis that uses dogs and sheep as its main hosts in Chile. The Eg95 vaccine against sheep infection has been included in some control programs. Here, we assess the efficacy of the vaccination program in the hyperendemic Alto Biobío commune after 3 years of execution. Fisher’s test and generalized linear models were used in the assessment. The program tried to offer a first dose at 2 months of age, a booster 1 month later, and yearly vaccination. Given logistic difficulties, important delays in vaccination occurred, and most animals did not receive the first booster. Dog deworming was not included in the program. Likely due to the aforementioned factors, the overall frequency of infection was not lower, but the proportion of large (>5 mm) cysts and fertile cysts was smaller after the program. The frequency of infection and/or the number of cysts were lower when the age at first dose was younger and the first booster was administered 1 month after the first dose. The results suggest that vaccination affects both cyst development after the larvae reach the target organs, as well as the development of the protoscolex once the cysts start developing.

Abstract The aim of this research was to assess the copro-prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in owned Chilean breed horses (Equus caballus) residing in the province of Concepción, Chile. The study was carried out throughout October 2017. Samples were taken from all (100%) Chilean breed horse (124 specimens; 45 females and 79 males, aged between 7 months and 24 years old) from the Concepción province. A rectal stool sample was obtained from each animal. This was analyzed using the Army Medical School method (AMS III) technique to detect F. hepatica eggs. Information about the horse’s age, sex, previous fasciolicide application, and an assessment of body condition was also obtained. Fisher tests were carried out to analyze the results. Ten horses (8.06%) were positive for the presence of F. hepatica eggs. No significant difference of copro-prevalence was found between age (young 8.47%, old 7.69%), sex (female 11.1%, male 6.33%), the previous application of fasciolicide (dewormed 10%, not dewormed 7.89%), or body condition (low condition 11.1%, high condition 0.7%) categories (Fisher tests: P>0.05 in all cases). The results of this study suggest that Chilean breed horses constitute part of the reservoir of F. hepatica for both ruminant populations and humans in the Concepción province.