Theories contribute considerably to the interprofessional field, though many curricular elements remain under-theorized. The literature offers no "gold standard" theory for interprofessional curricula; rather theoretical selection is contingent upon the curricular component to which theory is to be applied. Theories contributed to interprofessional curricula by explaining, predicting, organizing or illuminating social processes embedded in interprofessional curricular assumptions. This review provides guidance how theory might be robustly and appropriately deployed in the design, delivery, and evaluation of interprofessional curricula.

Background Rigorous reviews of available information, from a range of resources, are required to support medical and health educators in their decision making. AimThe aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of a review of theoretical frameworks specifically as a supplement to reviews that focus on a synthesis of the empirical evidence alone. Establishing a shared understanding of theory as a concept is highlighted as a challenge and some practical strategies to achieving this are presented. The paper also introduces the

BackgroundIn Sweden, chiropractic is not included in mainstream health care. In Norway chiropractic is a recognized health care profession. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of chiropractic among Swedish and Norwegian General Practitioners (GPs).MethodsEight hundred surveys in each country were distributed randomly by post to Swedish and Norwegian GPs offices. The survey contained two main sections: Experiences and opinions about chiropractic and referral patterns. The data were then described and compared between the countries.ResultsIn Sweden the response rate was 44.8% and in Norway 45.3%. More than half of the Swedish GPs participating in this study stated that they had poor knowledge about chiropractic, while just a tenth of Norwegian GPs stated the same. Nearly all Norwegian GPs had some experience of chiropractic treatment whilst a fairly large number of the Swedish GPs said that they had no experience at all of chiropractic. It was twice as common for GPs in Norway to refer patients to a chiropractor as compared to Sweden. However, Swedish and Norwegian GPs agreed that chiropractors were competent to treat musculo-skeletal conditions with an adequate education to be part of mainstream medicine.ConclusionsSwedish and Norwegian GPs agree that chiropractors are competent to treat musculoskeletal conditions. However, there are many differences in GPs perceptions of chiropractic between the two countries and the overall picture indicates that chiropractic is more accepted and recognised as a health care profession in Norway.

Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta dip-treated with different concentrations of formaldehyde (0.2, 0.5 and 1%) was stored in ice along with untreated control fishes and evaluated the formaldehyde residue level as well as changes in pH, total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), aerobic plate count (APC) and sensory quality, during the 24 days storage period. Formaldehyde residue levels of 7.61±0.5, 13.83 ±2.21 and 20.7±2.02 mg kg-1 were recorded in 0.2, 0.5 and 1% treatments. Initial decrease in APC and its slow increase during storage was noticed. Shelf life of 18 days for 0.2 and 0.5% formalin treated fishes and 22 days for 1% treated fishes as compared to just 10 days in control fishes was observed. Marketed fishes with fresh appearance having higher values of TVBN, lower microbial load and with a higher formaldehyde residue can be considered as clear indications of formaldehyde treatment. Since fresh appearance of treated fishes can mislead the consumers, monitoring of formaldehyde residue, microbial and biochemical indices of ice stored fishes coming in markets needs to be undertaken in order to control marketing of fishes treated with the harmful chemical.

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