Measurements of serum chorionic gonadotropin are of little clinical value for predicting the risk of complications and the outcome of pregnancy.

Compared with MSAFP performed alone for screening, routine second-trimester ultrasonography was more likely to discover an NTD.

Low maternal serum unconjugated E3 diagnosed more cases of steroid sulfatase deficiency and undetected intrauterine fetal death than Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (1:60,000 prevalence), although the clinical importance of having this information prenatally is uncertain.

No abstract

While many influential factors for participating in prenatal screening remain unmodifiable, some of them may be addressed to improve women's acceptance of prenatal screening tests.