Four acute tests (96-h) with juvenile fish and four early life stage tests with embryos and larvae were completed with rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Ninety-six-hour flow-through LCSO values for juveniles ranged from 8.1 to 10.9 mg/L nickel. Two early life stage tests were started with newly fertilized eggs, one test was started with eyed eggs and one test was started with pre-swim-up larval fish. No observed effect levels (NOEL), the highest nickel concentration without statistically significant adverse effects, for the two tests with newly fertilized eggs were less than 35 and 35 pg/L. The NOEL for the tests starting with eyed eggs and larval fish was 134 Fg/L nickel. Early life stages were most sensitive when newly fertilized eggs were initially exposed, followed in sensitivity by eyed eggs, larval fish and juvenile fish.

The caddisfly Clistoronia magnijka (Banks) (Limnephilidae) was exposed to copper, nickel and zinc in life cycle tests. The copper test included continuous exposure of first-generation aquatic larvae and pupae, second-generation larvae and pupae and third-generation larvae. The aerial adults and eggs were exposed only to body burdens obtained as larvae and pupae. Nickel and zinc tests included first and second-generation exposure. Copper concentrations of 217 p g L prevented completion of the life cycle, and significant reduction in adult emergence occurred at 13.0 pglL. The no-observed-effect level for copper was 8.3 pg/L. Nickel concentrations of ~2 5 0 p a prevented completion of the life cycle. The no-observed-effect level for nickcl was 66 p g L At the highest zinc concentration (5,243 pi&), no effects were observed on any of the life stages. Keywords -Caddisfly Clistoronia rnagnifca Copper Nickel Zinc Life cycle test 15 * 2 7.2 -7.4 26 -t 1 26 _t 1 Nickel 66 15 * 2 6.8 -7.4 54 k 8 45 _t I Zinc > 5,243 15 * 2 6.6 -7.3 31 * 5 39 f 12 'The highest concentration with results not significantly different (a = 0.05) from controls.

Three snail species collected from western Oregon were exposed to metals -Jugu plicijieru and Lithoglyphus virens, which inhabit cool coastal streams, and Physa gyrina, which is found in Willamette Valley ponds. J. plicifera were exposed in flow-through laboratory tests to copper and nickel, L. virens were exposed to copper, and P. gyrina were exposed to nickel and zinc. J. plicijieru had a 96-h LCSO (50% of the test group died) of 0.015 mg/L for copper and a no observed effect level (NOEL, mortality not significantly different from that in control groups) of 0.006 mg/L (30-d survjval). J. pljrvem had a 96-h LC50 for nickel of 0.237 mg/L and a NOEL of 0.124 mg/L. L. virens had a 96-h LCSO for copper of 0.008 mg/L and a NOEL of less than 0.008 mg/L. P. gyrina had a 96-h LCSO for nickel of 0.239 mg/L, a 96-h LCSO for zinc of 1.274 mg/L and a NOEL for zinc of 0.570 mg/L.

Three snail species collected from western Oregon were exposed to metals—Juga plicifera and Lithoglyphus virens, which inhabit cool coastal streams, and Physa gyrina, which is found in Willamette Valley ponds. J. plicifera were exposed in flow‐through laboratory tests to copper and nickel, L. virens were exposed to copper, and P. gyrina were exposed to nickel and zinc. J. plicifera had a 96‐h LC50 (50% of the test group died) of 0.015 mg/L for copper and a no observed effect level (NOEL, mortality not significantly different from that in control groups) of 0.006 mg/L (30‐d survival). J. plicifera had a 96‐h LC50 for nickel of 0.237 mg/L and a NOEL of 0.124 mg/L. L. virens had a 96‐h LC50 for copper of 0.008 mg/L and a NOEL of less than 0.008 mg/L. P. gyrina had a 96‐h LC50 for nickel of 0.239 mg/L, a 96‐h LC50 for zinc of 1.274 mg/L and a NOEL for zinc of 0.570 mg/L.