Qualidade físico-química e microbiológica da água para o consumo humano e a relação com a saúde: estudo em uma comunidade rural no estado de São PauloMicrobiological and physical-chemical quality of water for human consumption and the relationships with health: study in an agricultural community in state São Paulo Calidad microbiológica y fisicoquímica del agua para consumo humano y sus relaciones con la salud: estudio en una comunidad agrícola en el estado São Paulo aBSTRaCT: In this study we evaluated the relationship between health and environmental sanitation in the context of the process of social development, analyzing the quality of the water for human consumption in Sepé Tiarajú-SP Agricultural Community, which constitutes a project of sustainable development. During the inquiry we identified the presence of pathogenic parasites and coliform bacteria in collected water samples in the points of collective supplying, in the containers of water storage of housings, in the springs and the Serra Azul River range. Parasitological and bacteriological analyzes of collected samples had been carried through in procedures established by Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA) and CETESB -Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (Company of Technology for Environmental Sanitation). Results lead us to consider the water used in some communities as a risk factor for the health of human beings that use that it. We believe the development of a work of sanitary education for rural populations, the adoption of preventive measures aiming at the preservation of water sources and the treatment of waters already compromised, allied to techniques of waste treatment, are tools necessary for greatly diminishing the risk of hydric propagation diseases.KeYWoRDS: Environmental sanitation. Quality of water -control of water quality. Health.ReSuMen: En este estudio evaluamos la relación entre la salud y el saneamiento ambiental en el contexto del proceso de desarrollo social, analizando la calidad del agua para consumo humano en la comunidad agrícola Sepé Tiarajú-SP, que constituye un proyecto de desarrollo sostenible. Durante la investigación identificamos la presencia de parásitos patógenos y de bacterias coliformes en muestras de agua recogidas en puntos de abastecimiento colectivo, en los envases de almacenaje del agua de cubiertas, en los resortes y la gama del río Serra Azul. Análisis parasitológicos y bacteriológicos de muestras recogidas han sido ejecutadas según los procedimientos establecidos por Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA) (métodos para el examen del agua y de las aguas residuales) y CETESB -Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental. Los resultados nos llevan a considerar el agua utilizado en algunas comunidades como factor de riesgo para la salud de los seres humanos que la utilizan. Creemos que el desarrollo de un trabajo de educación sanitaria para las poblaciones rurales, la adopción de medidas preventivas que tengan como objetivo la preservación d...
ResumoAs doenças de veiculação hídrica causadas por protozoários oportunistas re-emergiram como relevantes problemas de saúde pública nos últimos anos, apesar dos avanços tecnológicos nos processos de tratamento de água. Nesse marco, Cryptosporidium e Giardia são agentes que apresentam (oo)cistos resistentes ao tratamento convencional de água e se caracterizam por causar sérias morbidades em indivíduos imunocomprometidos. No Brasil, o controle de Cryptosporidium e Giardia em água por técnicas específicas e sensíveis ainda está pouco difundido. O presente estudo visou analisar criticamente as evidências científicas sobre a contaminação da água de abastecimento público por Cryptosporidium e Giardia. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura produzida entre 2001 e 2011 nas bases de dados PUBMED e LILACS. A partir dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se uma distribuição cosmopolita desses parasitas disseminados em diferentes fontes de água tratada, representando um potencial risco para a saúde pública e um desafio para a vigilância ambiental, considerando a especificidade e alto custo das técnicas analíticas reconhecidas internacionalmente para análise desses patógenos em água. Palavras-chave:Cryptosporidium. Giardia. Água Potável. AbstractWater-borne diseases caused by opportunistic protozoa re-emerged as an important public health problem in recent years, despite technological advances in water treatment processes. In this context, agents such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia produce (oo)cysts resistant to conventional water treatment and can cause serious cases of morbidity in immunocompromised individuals. In Brazil, water control by specific and sensitive techniques aimed at detecting Cryptosporidium and Giardia still is not widespread. The aim of this study was to do a critical analysis of the scientific evidence on the contamination of public water supplies by Cryptosporidium and Giardia. We did a systematic review of the literature produced from 2001 to 2011 in PUBMED and LILACS databases. From the results, we find a cosmopolitan distribution of these parasites in different sources of treated water, representing a risk to public health and a challenge for environmental monitoring, considering the specificity and high cost of internationally recognized analytical techniques for identifying these pathogens in water. Keywords
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