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Environmental variability and physiological responses from Polylepis cuadrijuga (Rosaceae) in a fragmented environment in the Páramo de la Rusia (Colombia). Polylepis cuadrijuga is an endemic woody species from the Colombian Eastern range, being the only tree species with capacity to live on mountainous environments beyond 4 000m of altitude. Grazing and agriculture have transformed at least 30% of the Guantiva-La Rusia region, turning continuous extensions of high Andean forest in a fragmented landscape, and P. cuadrijuga remnants have become smaller and more isolated. The aim of this study was to establish the environmental differences between a matrix of grazing pastures and the interior of fragments, to evaluate the physiological responses of P. cuadrijuga and determining the edge effect. Air temperature and humidity, soil water holding capacity and photosynthetic active radiation, were measured along two 50X2m transects from the matrix toward the center of fragment. Six trees inside the transects were chosen in each one of three sites (matrix, edge and interior) to measure the index chlorophyll content and to sample leaves to assess the leaf area, leaf biomass, specific leaf area, anatomy, health condition and pubescence. Results showed significantly differences between the matrix and the interior and intermediate conditions in the edge. Radiation, temperature and air desiccation were higher in the matrix than in the interior, submitting P. cuadrijuga trees to a stressing environment, where they presented stratification of epidermis and palisade parenchyma, and a higher leaf area, leaf thickness, chlorophyll content and pubescence than in the interior of fragments. All these physiological traits allow avoiding the photoxidation and damages by freezing or desiccation to which trees are exposed in a grazing pasture matrix. Nevertheless, there was a higher frequency of healthy leaves in the interior of fragments, showing that high irradiations and extreme air temperature and humidity reach adversely affect to P. cuadrijuga. Individuals in the edge had ecophysiological traits similar to the matrix ones, which confirm an edge effect that could penetrate 17m inside the fragments. We conclude that P. cuadrijuga is a plastic species, able to overcome the stress conditions from anthropogenic transformations, species able to be used in high Andean forest restoration programs.

Background Emerging evidence points at substantial comorbidity between adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cardiometabolic diseases, but our understanding of the comorbidity and how to manage cardiometabolic disease in adults with ADHD is limited. The ADHD Remote Technology study of cardiometabolic risk factors and medication adherence (ART-CARMA) project uses remote measurement technology to obtain real-world data from daily life to assess the extent to which ADHD medication treatment and physical activity, individually and jointly, may influence cardiometabolic risks in adults with ADHD. Our second main aim is to obtain valuable real-world data on adherence to pharmacological treatment and its predictors and correlates during daily life from adults with ADHD. Methods ART-CARMA is a multi-site prospective cohort study within the EU-funded collaboration ‘TIMESPAN’ (Management of chronic cardiometabolic disease and treatment discontinuity in adult ADHD patients) that will recruit 300 adults from adult ADHD waiting lists. The participants will be monitored remotely over a period of 12 months that starts from pre-treatment initiation. Passive monitoring, which involves the participants wearing a wrist-worn device (EmbracePlus) and downloading the RADAR-base Passive App and the Empatica Care App on their smartphone, provides ongoing data collection on a wide range of variables, such as physical activity, sleep, pulse rate (PR) and pulse rate variability (PRV), systolic peaks, electrodermal activity (EDA), oxygen saturation (SpO2), peripheral temperature, smartphone usage including social connectivity, and the environment (e.g. ambient noise, light levels, relative location). By combining data across these variables measured, processes such as physical activity, sleep, autonomic arousal, and indicators of cardiovascular health can be captured. Active remote monitoring involves the participant completing tasks using a smartphone app (such as completing clinical questionnaires or speech tasks), measuring their blood pressure and weight, or using a PC/laptop (cognitive tasks). The ART system is built on the RADAR-base mobile-health platform. Discussion The long-term goal is to use these data to improve the management of cardiometabolic disease in adults with ADHD, and to improve ADHD medication treatment adherence and the personalisation of treatment.

Los procesos de renovación urbana implican cambios materiales e inmateriales que transforman la concepción de la ciudad y sus condiciones de habitabilidad, al tiempo que suponen una mejora en barrios desfavorecidos donde buena parte de la población, por su situación social y condiciones de habitabilidad, es vulnerable. Así, dichos procesos de renovación deben entenderse a un tiempo como mitigadores de situaciones de vulnerabilidad social y desventaja socio-habitacional, no tanto porque mejoren las características sociodemográficas de sus residentes sino porque al mejorar las condiciones de habitabilidad también lo hacen la dignidad y el sentimiento de autoestima individual y de barrio. Este estudio se basa en el análisis de datos de distintas fuentes: planeamiento urbano, catastro, censo de población y viviendas, padrón municipal de habitantes y renta familiar en tres sectores urbanos de Sevilla identificados como de elevada vulnerabilidad socio-habitacional. La investigación permite conocer y valorar las implicaciones sociales y habitacionales de los procesos de renovación urbana llevados a cabo en los mismos. Los resultados apuntan a que las actuaciones de renovación y gestión urbanas han mitigado situaciones de desventaja habitacional, aunque han tenido menor efectividad desde el punto de vista social, para lo cual hubieran sido necesarios proyectos de esta naturaleza y de carácter micro-sectorial y social.

Este artículo analiza los comportamientos demográficos que han tenido las ciudades medias del interior de Andalucía, entre los años 2008 y 2018, con respecto a los procesos de envejecimiento y despoblación. Se ha seguido una metodología cuantitativa, que ha permitido agrupar los ámbitos de estudio por rangos. Los resultados obtenidos permiten corroborar las hipótesis de partida: en primer lugar, afirmar que las ciudades medias de interior andaluzas, sobre todo a raíz de la crisis económica, han acentuado negativamente su situación con respecto a los procesos de envejecimiento demográfico y despoblación que ya venían observándose desde años anteriores en los núcleos rurales; y en segundo lugar, que aquellas que han conseguido atraer inversiones, tanto públicas como privadas durante el periodo de recesión, han visto mermada la pérdida de efectivos y han mantenido sus crecimientos demográficos.