Population density and spatial distribution of the Caribbean conch, Eustrombus gigas (Linnaeus), as well as its association to different habitats were evaluated at 184 stations sampled systematically in two seasons (wet and dry) in Nuestra Señora del Rosario archipelago. Each individual was counted and measured in a circular area of 1256.6 m2 (sampling unit) by SCUBA diving and in situ observations on the types of habitats were made. The average density (± SD) of the species was low compared with other regions in the Caribbean, 4.0 ind/ha ± 10.8 and 3.7 ind/ha ± 9.3, for the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Adults represented 89 and 64 % of the population surveyed for each season, and were specifically located at Bajo Tortugas and Isla Tesoro. Although reproductive activity was observed during the wet season, population density was below critical levels to guarantee the population´s reproductive success. The spatial distribution analysis showed that the abundance of adults was spatially structured in both seasons, with important aggregations at Bajo Tortugas and Isla Tesoro. Juveniles did not show spatial structure for neither season due to the low observed abundance. Multiple regression models explained 48 and 14 % of the total variance in the abundance of adults during the wet and dry seasons, respectively; with depth, mean grain size, and percentage of mixed coral as predictor variables. It is recommended to establish Bajo Tortugas and Isla Tesoro as special protected areas in order to maintain the adult spawning stock, while the same conservation measure should be implemented at Isla Arena in order to protect juveniles on seagrass beds.
I n order to contribute to the sea bottoms knowledge of the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve (RB Seaflower), a mapping update was made at 1:50,000 scale of the Seascape Ecological Units (SEU) for the Serrana, Roncador and Quitasueño atolls, based on the processing and interpretation of ALOS AVNIR – 2 satellite images acquired in 2012. For the attribute assignation was used as reference cartographic products, fieldwork data, and ecological descriptions of the benthic community. A total of 138,967 ha and 30 SEU, which corresponds to 32,908 ha for Serrana, 4,861 to Roncador and 101,198 to Quitasueño. The products generated represents a good approximation of the location, extension and distribution of the benthic seascape elements, constituting the base line information for the management of these atolls, they are also part of the Continental, Coastal and Marine Ecosystem Map of Colombia at scale 1:100,000 (MEC 100K) and the Colombian Coral Areas Atlas (AACC) updated on a digital platform to 2020. However, more extensive field work is needed for cartographic purposes, which allows for greater spatial and thematic detail, and to evaluate cartographic reliability
Al sur de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias (litoral Caribe de Colombia) se encuentra el Canal del Dique, brazo natural canalizado del río Magdalena que forma un delta de tres bocas. Este delta, colonizado por manglares donde dominan Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa y Pelliciera rhizophorae, fue explotado tradicionalmente por mucho tiempo. Las zonas de manglares fueron taladas para usos como producción de madera para construcción y carbón de madera. Adicionalmente, a partir de los años ochenta predominó una actividad agroindustrial con la instalación de infraestructura acuícola (piscinas) para el levante de camarón Penaeus vannamei y P. stylirostris con miras a su exportación. El desarrollo de la industria acuícola indujo una fuerte presión sobre el sector del Canal del Dique transformando radicalmente el paisaje del delta. Los autores se proponen mostrar, gracias a un seguimiento satelital utilizando las imágenes Landsat TM, ETM y Spot HRV como HRG (18 imágenes en total), la evolución del uso del suelo del delta entre 1986 y 2003. La interpretación de las imágenes permitió cartografiar la dinámica de las superficies convertidas en infraestructuras acuícolas y la alteración de la hidrología del delta (desviación de canales preexistentes, apertura de nuevos canales, drenaje de ciénagas). La crisis de la industria acuícola debida a la aparición en las fincas camaroneras del virus del síndrome de Taura, se presenta desde 1992 persistiendo hasta 1997. Los resultados del estudio tienden a desmentir la aserción común según la cual el desarrollo de la industria acuícola se haría sobre el manglar. En la zona estudiada, principalmente la superficie de lagunas y salares se convirtieron en infraestructuras acuícolas. La teledetección espacial resultó ser una herramienta eficaz para llevar a cabo un seguimiento satelital del desarrollo de la acuicultura en el delta de una zona tropical, el Canal del Dique. La crónica de imágenes Landsat (TM y ETM) y de Spot (HRV y HRG) utilizada permitió cartografiar de forma precisa, anual o bianualmente, la dinámica de la superficie del manglar así como la extensión de las piscinas acuícolas. Las imágenes satelitales, por su carácter repetitivo, sinóptico y multiespectral, se constituyen en un instrumento fundamental de vigilancia del litoral.
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